TCC MIDTERM
Slides do conjunto (22)
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Essay topic #1 - Colonial Founding
- COLONIES
- ROANOKE
- JAMESTOWN
- MARYLAND
- PLYMOUTH
- MASSACHUSETTS
- RHODE ISLAND
- PENNSYLVANIA
- SOUTH CAROLINA
- GEORGIA
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- During the reign of Elizabeth 1
- Sir Humphrey Gilbert lands in Modern day Virginia and names it after the "virgin" queen.
- Sir Walter Raleigh is granted the land charter in 1584, but he just plans the journey and charts maps.
- John White is sent on the journey instead because he is not valuable to the queen. They end up landing in North Carolina instead of Virginia.
- The ship containing all of their food crashes, so John White returns to England for resources and he is attacked by French pirates on the way back and isn't able to return to Roanoke until 1589.
- When White does return he sees the word "croatoan" and "cro" carved in trees and the colonists are gone.
- In 1590 the colony was completely abandoned.
- Due to bad weather, John White isn't able to go search for the colony, so he returns to England without ever finding them.
- Extreme drought (1587-1589)
- The little ice age
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JAMESTOWN - 1607 - MONEY, ANGLICAN
- During the reign of King James 1 (Elizabeth's Nephew) who gave the Virginia company their charter
- May 6, 1607
- John Smith is the founder and a strict leader, whom the colonists despise... if you don't work, you don't eat
- Founded for money
- The company meets Powhattan, a Native of the land
- Colonists relationship with the Natives is pretty good because they trade peacefully
- Because the colonists were using rat poison to kill the rats, the arsenic washed into their water and made them all very ill.
- John goes back to England for treatment of a burn on his hand
- While John is gone, the colony goes through the starving times (1609-1610) where cannibalism is common and 70% die
- Gates is the new governor of Jamestown and he is extremely violent.
- In 1612 the colony began growing the cash crop, tobacco and in 1616 it becomes a profitable export.
- John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, who later converts to Christianity and goes by the name Rebecca, they have a son, then Pocahontas dies and Rolfe abandons his son in England.
- In order for the primarily male populated colony to survive, they need women, so England in 1919 sends London Prostitutes to marry the single colonial men where they are bought with Tobacco.
- A dutch ship brings 20 Africans that are used as indentured servants who work for 7 years and are then freed.
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- Founded by Lord Baltimore (hence Baltimore, Maryland)
- During King James 1 reign (a Catholic sympathizer)
- Named after the Catholic queen of England
- Founded as a refuge for Catholics
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- Founded by William Bradford
- First puritan colony in North America
- Seperatists, they never plan to go back to England
- Buy a land patent from the Virginia Company
- They come from the Netherlands
- Sail on the Mayflower
- 41 male pilgrim leaders
- Chosen leaders
- Mayflower compact = democracy
- Exposure to disease from Colonists to Natives
- Friendly relationships with the natives (simple, not greedy colonists)
- Colonists meet Squanto in 1621, he speaks English because he was captured by Spanish, so he is able to communicate with Colonists fairly easily.
- Celebrate with the "Harvest Feast" which is present day Thanksgiving
- Eventually absorbed into MBC in 1691
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- Founded by John Winthrop
- Charter is granted by king Charles 1 and written with an omission, allowing them to bring the charter with them to Massachusetts making it legal to self govern within the colony.
- Non- separating congregationalists who intended to go home (England) at some point
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RHODE ISLAND -1636 or 1644? - Free Religion
- Founded by Roger Williams
- Covenant between God and individual, not God and congregation
- Dissent Native lands (disapropval of confiscating native lands)
- Williams is banished from Massachusetts in1635 for his ideas of freedom of religion and separation of church and state
- He then founds Rhode Island in 1636 based on Freedom of religion except Judaism and Atheism
- Providence is founded in 1636
- Referred to by Massachusetts as "the sewer of New England"
- Anne Hutchinson:
- Followed John Cotton to MBC
- Direct Revelation (Knowledge of election)
- Rhode Island is a male society
- Anne is banished in 1638 (while pregnant) because she holds a bible study and speaks in mixed company about her election knowledge.
- She gives birth to a still born and people believe this is divine punishment (John Winthrop claims she had sex with the devil)
- Put on trial for slandering the ministry
- A trial is held and John Winthrop comes, Hutchinson out argues the male Ministers using her immense biblical knowledge (She is currently pregnant with her 14th child)
- She is then chased out of town along with all of her children
- Finds temporary refuge in Rhode Island
- She later moves to New York where she and 5 of her children are attacked and killed by Indians
- Winthrop says her death is "Special Manifestation of divine justice"
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- Founded by William Penn
- "Society of friends"
- They believe in individual inspiration and interpretation
- Refused oaths (James 5:12 "Do not swear, not by heaven or by earth, or by anything else. Let your yes be yes and your no, no, or you will be condemned.")
- Embraced pacifism and equality and diversity
- Philadelphia is know as the city of brotherly love
- Generous land terms
- Cordial relationships with natives- trust
- Religion without establishment
- The only oath they can take is marriage
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- Founded by 8 English nobles (given a charter from King Charles 3)
- Adapt a plantation system (sugar)
- Race based slave labor
- Religious toleration (even atheism)
- Native and African Slaves
- 50,000 natives are sold from 1670-1715
- That's more natives being sold than Africans being brought in.
- Native slaves are traded for weapons
- Many Natives become addicted to opium
- Slaved based society
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- Last British Colony
- Founded by General James E. Oglethorpe
- Buffer to Spanish Florida and south carolina
- Experiment with convict reforms
- Soldier for defense, champion for prison reform
- Utopian rules; can't drink, gamble, or hold slaves, women were not allowed to inherit property
- Trade with West Indies - commercial success
- Oglethorpe leaves and the colony is released back to the crown in 1752 when the experiment fails and the rules are lifted, soon resembling the slave society, South Carolina.
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Essay topic #2 - Founding Fathers
- Founding Fathers
- George Washington
- John Adams
- Thomas Jefferson
- James Madison
- Alexander Hamilton
- Benjamin Franklin
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- 22 years old when he is named the leader of the French and Indian War
- He leads an attack against French men who were on a peaceful mission hoping to negotiate with the Birtish, killing 10, capturing 21, and 1 escapes.
- He is not a good Military leader
- After his horrible mistake, he hides out at Fort Necessity, which the French eventually attack, killing 1/3 of his men and all of his livestock.
- The French march Washington back to Virginia where he admits everything and resigns.
- Later during the 1st continental congress, he is named the commander of the Colonial Army
- The colonial army doesn't exist, so Washington must build it from scratch
- Leads them in the American Revolution
- In August of, 1776 the British sneak up on the Colonial army who is hiding out in Brooklyn, causing heavy casualties, Washington retreated to Manhattan. The British eventually push Washington out of Manhattan and offer peace to anyone who would pledge their loyalty, thousands excepted. Then Americans are eventually pushed into New Jersey where Washington is almost caught twice, but escapes when he crosses the Delaware at Trenton on Dec 8th and by Christmas Eve, Washington only had 3,000 soldiers left.
- With low morale, Washington took his men back across the Delaware and surprised the British at Trenton, capturing 1000 soldiers and eventually captures an outpost in Princeton. These success brought 1000 more soldiers into the army.
- He is wealthy through his marriage.
- He is the most experienced and has the look to be president.
- Later becomes the 1st president of the USA even though he does not want to be.
- John Adams is his VP.
- In 1792 he is reelected, again not wanting to be.
- Hamilton really runs his second term.
- 1796 Washington secretly retires, only telling Hamilton.
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- Boston Massacre; he served as the lawyer for the red coats and he won the case.
- Sam Adams (Leader of the Sons of Liberty) cousin
- Attends the first continental congress
- Is supposed to help Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration, but he doesn't really.
- Vice President to George Washington
- Calvanist
- Middle Class
- Lawyer and Farmer
- Loyalist=rebel
- Later becomes 2nd president
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- Declaration of Independence -draftsmen
- Deist - wealthy, educated, enlightenment thinker. Natural Law, evil from ignorance.
- Scandal with his slave Sally Hemings - after the death of his wife, Jefferson pursues one of his slaves from Monticello, the details are kind of unclear whether or not she consented, but it is not far fetched to think Jefferson forced her into this. She later has 6 children whom Jefferson is the father to.
- Born wealthy
- First Family of Virginia
- Relationship with Hamilton was rough, they hate each other, but at the same time respect one and another.
- State Department to Washington.
- Southern agrarian interests conflict with Hamilton's Northern wealthy interests
- Feared tyranny and loved liberties.
- In favor of a decentralized government
- Supports France during the French Revoultion, because they just helped us out in our revolution, it be stupid not to help them, why side with British?
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- Continental Congress
- Constitutional Convention (this is where they frame the constitution) ( James is a Note Taker who discusses the Virginia Plan)
- Writes the first draft of the Constitution
- Helped write the Bill of Rights
- Lawyer
- Democratic republican along with Jefferson
- One of the authors of the federalist papers
- Sides with the south
- Opposes a national bank
- Sides with France in the french revolution
- Wants peace without destroying liberties
- Comes out of his shell during the revolution when he became a leader of the nation and helped write the constitution.
- Committed himself to the principles of liberty and order.
- Believed in separation of Church and state
- The rights of conscience, consent, and property.
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Alexander Hamilton - Immigrant
- Washington American Revolution Aid joins as a soldier bc he is an immigrant
- Washington Literary
- Father son relationship with Washington
- Hamilton pretty much runs the country during Washington's second term
- First Secretary Treasury
- Bad relationship with Jefferson
- He is in favor of the North and the wealthy class
- Creates Excise Taxes
- In favor of centralized government
- He fears Anarchy and loves order.
- Born poor then married wealthy into the Schulyer family
- Lawyer
- Supports England during the French revolution
- Hamilton is a federalist
- Immigrant from West Indies
- Mother dies and father is not in the picture, so he is alone at the age of 13.
- One of the authors of the federalist papers
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Benjamin Franklin - Pennsylvania
- French and Indian War (propaganda "join or die" )
- Offered delegates who met in Albany, a plan , known as the Albany Plan of Union, which every colony rejected.
- He built a hospital in Philly for the troops
- Helped Found the Philadelphia Subscription Library in 1731
- Constitutional Convention - helps draft the constitution
- Continental Congress - one of the delegates present, suggested that the colonies join together in a confederation, which was rejected, but much later adopted by Canada.
- Colonial unity = Failure
- On the committee to draft the declaration, but doesn't really help
- Deist
- Printer
- Hobby: scientist
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Essay Topic #3 - American Rebellion
- End of French and Indian War 1763
- King George 3 is reigning currently
- Economy is based off of agriculture and manufacturing, this is important to British because they rely on the colonies to make a profit.
- Royal Proclamation of 1763; imaginary line which tries to prevent colonists from settling west of the Allegheny Mountains, but it is ignored
- Molasses Act - 1763- English Only - Rum is made with molasses - Sales Tax - Worse for England soon replaced buy the sugar act in 1764.
- Sugar Act - 1764 luxury tax - Textiles, coffee, wine, indigo, sugar - ignore it if you don't support it - no big deal
- Stamp Act 1765 - $.01 - printed (playing cards, newspapers, deeds, licenses)
- Sons of Liberty - Sam Adams is the leader - Hangs an effigy in the liberty tree, Burns down office of tax collectors, and on November 1st 1765 the stamp act tax is not collected
- Currency Act 1764 - No printing money and the old money you have is now worthless this angers colonists because it is an attack on their liberties.
- Stamp Act Congress -Want British Rights - Charles Watson - Wentworth under George 3 - proposed that the crown should repeal the stamp act bc it violates their British rights - stamp act is repealed.
- Repeal Stamp Act - Charles Townshend
- Townshend Acts - 1767 Taxes lead, glass, paper, paint, and tea
- Declaratory Acts - 1767 Townshend - repeals stamp act -laws on colonies from the parliament.
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- Quartering Act - Impacted NY (the headquarters of the Redcoats) Taverns/Inns have to house soldiers
- Trial by Jury - British Judge - Guilty - Fines infringement of liberties
- Boston Massacre - 1770 - 5 killed - John Adams - Repealing Townshend
- Tea Act - 1773 - 17 million pounds of Inferior Tea
- Boston Tea Party - 1773 - Sons of Liberty - Dress as Mohawk Indians in order to create an alibi
- Intolerable Acts - 1774 (used to punish Massachusetts for the tea party) - Quartering Acts now in poeple's homes - Boston Port is closed until tea is paid for- Impartial Administration of Justice, allowing officials to be sent by the king out of Massachusetts for their trials - Government Act, revoked the colony's 1691 charter.
- Unify support of Boston
- First Continental Congress = Ignored
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- Motives for exploration - Gold, God, Glory
- Combat and Contagion
- Pope's Rebellion - 1680 - Indian uprising - due to Spanish Roman Catholics mission in New Mexico began to oppress Natives religious customs. Natives push Spaniards out of New Mexico for 14 years. Most successful Native American Rebellion in US history.
- Roanoke
- Cortes and the Aztecs - Montezuma
- Jamestown
- John Smith
- Plymouth
- Pennsylvania
- The Enlightenment
- John Locke - supported natural rights - enlightenment thinker - father of liberalism
- Pre- French and Indian War Voting Rights
- French and Indian War Origins began in 1754 ended in 1763 treaty of Paris
- American/ British Relationship during the French and Indian War
- Post- French and Indian War debt lots in northern colonies, less in south, English victory, England doubled nations debts, colonies debts were much lighter than English.
- Sugar Act
- Currency Act
- Stamp Act
- Quartering Act 1 - inns and public paces 2- houses
- Trial by Jury
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- Taxation and representation
- Boycotting/ Non-Importation Movement
- Townshend Acts - taxes paint, glass, lead, and paper
- Boston Massacre - caused by tensions resulting from the Liberty Riot-March 5th 1770- a young boy pelts a redcoat with snowballs then someone shouted fire and the soldiers fired on the growing crowd of Bostonians- 11 wounded, 5 killed. The trial and the 2 convicted were later released and the troops withdrew from Boston.
- Sons of Liberty
- Coercive Acts - intolerable acts (used to punish Boston for the Tea Party) - Government Act, Quartering Act, Boston Port Act, and Impartial Administration of Justice.
- Continental Congress - 1774 lasted 7 weeks, everyone but Georgia. Laid the foundation for the 1st National government.
- Thomas Paine - common sense, introduced the first idea of American Revolution/ Independence from England.
- 1777 Inoculation - George Washington treated his troops fro small pox secretly to gain an advantage in the War and it worked.
- Valley Forge foraging - camp near Philadelphia that the continental army spent the winters of 1777-1778 at, in freezing conditions, suffering exposure and starvation, 7000 ill, Washington tries to fund the foraging expeditions with his own money, but he has an army of 30,000 men. He allows the men to "borrow" livestock from homes, paying them with receipts that they may pay back.
- Treaty of Paris 1783 - ended American Revolution
- Voting rights post American Revolution
- Land Ordinances of 1785 Mason-Dixon line - no slavery north or west.
- Articles of Confederation - Weak bc no economy connects the states - fail financially, but not militarily.
- Shays Rebellion - In Western Mass, farmers led by war captain Daniel Shays shut down the courts to prevent them from collecting debts.
- Constitutional Creation
- 3/5 representation - for every 5 slaves = 3 people
- Federalist Papers
- Bill of Rights - protects personal freedoms
- National Bank - Alexander Hamilton (1791)
- Whiskey Rebellion
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- Slides sobre TCC MIDTERM, criado por Berkeley Koch em 16-10-2017.
- Criado por
- Berkeley Koch
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