research methods in SCLOA

research methods is SCLOA

• 1. INTRO
• - what is SCLOA
• - outline research method; scientific method to gather data
• --> methods how manipulate variables and analyse results
• - main methods: EXPERIMENTS, OBSERVATIONS, INTERVIEWS, QUESTIONNAIRES
• - important is that the studies include the social environment
• - TRIANGULATION; DATA; RESEARCHER; METHOD; THEORETICAL
• - BIASES
• --> researcher bias
• --> participant bias

experiments

• - majority of studies qualitative, though
• - significant number of studies are naturalistic
• - earlier a lot of experiments, were considered as scientific
• - EXPERIMENT --> cause- and effect relationships, manipulating the variables
• --> artificial
• --> usually in labs, artificial environment --> lack ecological validity
• --> Asch paradigm in 1955

observations; covert

• - participant observation; trying to see that world as the pps
• - COVERT OR OVER
• - COVERT
• --> LACKS ETHICAL VALUES
• --> NO PPS BIAS
• --> NEED TO GAIN THE TRUST
• --> DIFFICULT TO WRITE DATA DOWN --> BIAS
• --> GOOD IF STUDYING DIFFICULT GROUPS
• --> WHEN PROPHECY FAILS FESTINGER 1950s

observations; overt

• - better ethically
• - pps might act in a way that they think is right
• --> trust must be gained
• - trying to see the world through they eyes of the pps

observations in general

• - natural environment
• - qualitative research method
• - grids to record behavior
• - descriptive notes
• - rich sources of qualitative data, detailed
• - observer bias
• - small sample sizes
• - cannot be replicated
• - no cause and effect relationships

Slide 6