Flashcards
BM: Stimulants
Flashcards do conjunto (18)
- 1Stimulants as social plantsalcoholic beverages, kava, cacao, tea, betel nut, kola nut, khat, tobacco
- 2What is a social plant-consumed in company
-construct and negotiate social occasions
-inclusion/exclusion
-integrative - 3caffeine-Direct CNS adrenergic stimulation
-methylxanthine alkaloid
-insomnia, withdrawal, anxiety, diuretic - 4EphedrineDirect CNS adrenergic stimulation
- 5nicotineDirect CNS cholinergic antagonism
- 6lobelineDirect CNS cholinergic antagonism
- 7cocaineIndirect CNS Adrenergic stimulation
- 8theobromineOther CNS stimulation
- 9Coffee-coffea arabica, rubiaceae
-caffeine: stimulant alkaloid, hunger suppressant, reduces fatigue
-influences humoral balance
-antioxidant levels: CVD and inflammation alleviation - 10Khat (Qat)-Catha edulis
-Native to Ethiopia
-fresh leaves and shoots chewed by men
-used to treat fever, body pain, lowers bp, suppresses hunger and thirst
-cathinone alkaloid exerts effect on dopamine and noradrenalin systems
-addictive
-risk for esophagus and duodenum cancer - 11Cathinone-similar to amphetamine: gives sensation of well-being & excitement, followed by insomnia, depression, anxiety
-illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, distribute in the US
-induces release of dopamine from central nervous system
-metabolized to norephedrine - 12Male-Ilex paraguarensis
-Water infusion/decoction of leaves & small stems
-heavily commercialized plants in S. America
-anti-inflammatory & diuretic
-risk: head and neck cancers w/ high consumption - 13Cacao-Theobroma cacao
-Native to Mesoamerica
-Mayan ancient rituals
-cacao drinking came after the meal
-Became popular in Europe in 1500’s
-effects: weight gain, improved digestion and bowel function, stimulant for weak
-chemicals: flavanols, methylxanthines theobromine theophylline and caffeine (these relax muscles, diuretics) - 14Cacao processing-Pods are opened to ferment, removing bitterness
-beans dried and roasted
-outer shell removed to make cacao butter
-ground into thick paste with alkaline salts - 15Tea-camellia sinensis
-China
-British and Dutch colonial expansion (Tea trade in Europe)
-TCM: tooth decay, GI problems, fever
-Europe: scurvy, tonic, stomachache
-activity: flavonoids, cancer protective, reduces inflammation, tannins can lead to anemia due to iron binding - 16Coca and cocaine-Erythroxylum novagranatense, E. coca
-Erythroxylaceae family
-cocaine is a tropane alkaloid, alleviates altitude sickness and fatigue
-Taken orally in a "quid"-usually mixed with Lime
-lime makes alkaline, increases uptake of alkaloids
-Freud: treat alcoholism, local anesthetic, and morphine addiction
-Added to Vin Mariani wine & Coca Cola - 17Betel nut-areca catechu
-Indo-SE Asian region
-piper betle is the leaf it is wrapped in
-religious ceremonies & rites
-quid: Thin sliced seed is mixed with lime (calcium oxide) and mixed with water –hydrolyzes alkaloids
-TM: digestive, aphrodisiac
-arecoline (alkaloid) significantly affects neurotransmitters in CNS
-mouth and liver cancer risk - 18Kola nut-Cola acuminata & C. nitida
-Native to West Africa
-Chewed raw
-Islamic medicine: stomachache, sore throat, nausea, sexual dysfunction, headache, sore gums, sore limbs
-kola nut mixed with coca leaf to sell coca cola
Informações
- Descrição
- FlashCards sobre BM: Stimulants, criado por Kavita Athalye em 07-12-2017.
- Criado por
- Kavita Athalye
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