Flashcards
HPA - Emphysema
Flashcards do conjunto (9)
- 1What is it?A form of COPD where the walls of alveoli are destroyed due to inflammation and become enlarged, and decrease in elasticity, leading to airflow impairment.
- 2Prevalence of COPD2011 - 2012 530,000 Australians
- 3What are the risk factorsAge: > 50
Smoking
Occupational exposure to fumes
Genetic: severe ATT deficiency associated with a single gene - 4CausesMain cause is long term exposure to airborne irritants, especially through smoking.
Genetic: severe ATT deficiency which can be inherited (rare) - 5Pathophysiology behind the diseaseInflammatory cells collect in distal airway tissues
These lead to the destruction of elastic fibres in the respiratory bronchioles & alveolar ducts.
Alveolar wall destruction causes the alveoli to combine and create larger air spaces - causing a loss of pulmonary capillary bed.
This reduces the surface area for alveolar-capillary diffusion - affecting gas exchange.
The loss elastic recoil reduces passive expiration of air. - 6What are the symptoms?Absent/ mild cough with scant clear/no sputum
Person appears thin and cachectic* (waisted)
Barrel chest
Commonly uses accessory muscles to assist breathing
"Pink puffer" - 7What might a nurse notice on examination?Resp: Distant/diminished breath sounds on auscultation
Hyper-resonant on percussion
Nurse may note pink skin, barrel chest, anxious expression and assumption of tripod position.
^ WOB and prominent use of accessory muscles. - 8Vitals?SpO2 may be < 95%
RR: may be above normal
HR: can be normal or increased
BP: may be above normal
Temp: can often be increased - 9Other relevant testsABGs can be normal or indicative of mild hypoxaemia
RFTs increased total lung capacity (due to increased lung fields) and markedly increased residual volume
FBC may show ^ haematocrit and ^ RBCs due to chronic hypoxia
Chest xray may show enlongated lung fields
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- O usuário eliminou as informações de disciplina FlashCards sobre HPA - Emphysema, criado por Usuário eliminado em 08-06-2018.
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- Criado por Em J · 8 jun 2018
- Copiado por Em J · 8 jun 2018
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