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Flashcards

Oncology - Absite

Jennifer Huber Surgery - Absite Review Inglês 103 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (103)

  1. 1MC Cancer in WomenBreast Cancer
  2. 2MCC of cancer related death in womenLung Cancer
  3. 3MC Cancer in MenProstate Cancer
  4. 4MC cancer related death in menLung Cancer
  5. 5Most important prognostic indicator for Lung CA and Breast CA devoid of systemic metastasisNodal Status
  6. 6Most important prognostic indicator for sarcoma devoid systemic metsTumor Grade
  7. 7What is a PET scan?Positron Emission Tomography
    used to identify metastasesl detects fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) molecules
  8. 8Causes of False Positives on PET Scaninflammatory diseases like histoplasmosis, TB, sarcoid
  9. 9Causes of False Negatives with PET Scanslow growing tumors (carcionoid, bronchoalveolar lung CA)
  10. 10HyperplasiaIncreased Number of Cells
  11. 11Metaplasia give an exampleReplacement of 1 tissue with another (GERD squamous epithelium in esophagus changed to columnar gastric tissue, Barrets)
  12. 12Dysplasiaaltered size, shape and organization
  13. 13Core Needle Biopsy vs Fine Needle BiopsyCore Needle Bx - gives architecture
    Fine Needle Aspiration - gives cytology
  14. 14CEAColon Cancer
  15. 15AFPLiver Cancer
  16. 16CA 19-9Pancreatic Cancer
  17. 17CA 125Ovarian Cancer
  18. 18Tumor Marker beta-HCGTesticular Cancer
    Choriocarcinoma
  19. 19PSAProstate Cancer thought to be a tumor marker with highest sensitivity although specificity is low
  20. 20Tumor Marker NSEsmall cell lung cancer,
    neuroblastoma
  21. 21BRCA I and IIBreast Cancer
  22. 22Tumor Marker Chromogranin ACarcinoid Tumor
  23. 23Ret OncogeneThyroid Medullary Cancer
  24. 24half life of CEA18 Days
  25. 25half life of PSA18 days
  26. 26half life of AFP5days
  27. 27Cancer TransformationHeritable alteration in genome
    Loss of growth regulation
  28. 28Latency PeriodTime between exposure and formation of clinically detectable tumor
  29. 29What are Proto-oncogenes?human genes with malignant potential
  30. 30Human Papillomavirus is associated with which Malignancy?Cervical Cancer
  31. 31Helicobacter Pylori is associated with what malignancy?Gastric Cancer
  32. 32Hepatitis B and C viruses are associated with which malignancy?Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  33. 33EBV is associated with which malignancies?Burkitt's Lymphoma
    Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
  34. 34What is the most vulnerable stage of cell cycle for XRT?M phase
  35. 35Higher-energy RadiationHas skin preserving effect
    maximal ionizing potential not reached until deeper structures
  36. 36Fractionate XRT dosesallows repair of normal cells
    allows re-oxygenation of tumors
    allows redistribution of tumor cells in cell cycle
  37. 37Very Radiosensitive Tumorshigh mitotic rate
    seminomas, lymphomas
  38. 38Very Radioresistant TumorsLow mitotic rate
    epithelial, sarcomas
  39. 39Brachytherapysource of radiation in or next to tumor (Au-198, I-128) - radioactive implants, delivers high, concentrated doses of radiation
  40. 40Gamma KnifeCobalt XRT
    focused beams of radiation
    prevents harming surrounding healthy tissue.
  41. 41Cell Cycle-specific Agents5FU, Methotrexate
    exhibit plateau in cell-killing ability
  42. 42Cell Cycle-Nonspecific Agentslinear response to cell killing
  43. 43TamoxifenBlocks estrogen receptor
    decreases short term risk of breast cancer
    1% risk of blood clots
    0.1% risk of endometrial cancer
  44. 44Taxol MoA and Side EffectPromotes Microtubule formation and stabilization that cannot be broken down; cells are ruptured
    s/e: neuropathy
  45. 45Side Effect of Bleomycin and BusulfanCan cause pulmonary fibrosis
  46. 46Cisplatin & side effectsPlatinum Alkylating Agent
    s/e: Nephrotoxic, Neurotoxic, Ototoxic
  47. 47Carboplatin & side effectsPlatinum Alkylating Agent
    S/e: bone (myelo) suppression
  48. 48Vincristine & side effectsMicrotubule inhibitor
    s/e: peripheral neuropathy, neurotoxic
  49. 49Vinblastine & side effectsmicrotubule inhibitor
    bone (myelo) suppression
  50. 50Cyclophosphamide & side effectsalkylating agent, alkyl group form covalent bonds to DNA
    Acrolein is active metabolite
    s/e: gonadal dysfunction, SIADH, hemorrhagic cystitis
  51. 51Medication to use with Cyclophosphamide to prevent hemorrhagic cystitisMesna
  52. 52Levamisoleanthelminthic drug thought to stimulate immune system against cancer
  53. 53Methotrexate & side effectsinhibits dihydrofolate reductase, which inhibits purine and DNA synthesis
    s/e: renal toxicity, myelosuppression, mucositis
  54. 54Leucovorinfolinic acid, reverses the effects of methotrexate
    increases 5FU toxicity
  55. 555-Fluorouracilinhibits thymidylate synthetase
    inhibits purine and DNA synthesis
  56. 56Doxorubicin & side effectsDNA intercalator,
    O2 radical formation
    s/e: Heart toxicity 2/2 to Oxygen radicals at total doses >500mg/m^2
  57. 57MoA of EtoposideVP-16
    inhibits topoisomerase which normally unwinds DNA
  58. 58GCSF & side effectsgranulocyte colony-stimulating factor
    ued for neutrophil recovery after chemo
    s/e: Sweet's Syndrome
  59. 59Sweet's SyndromeAcute Febrile Neutropenic Dermatitis
    sudden onset of tender or painful bumps (nodules or papules) on the arms, legs, face or neck
    side effect from GCSF
  60. 60When would you resect a normal breast to prevent cancer?+ BRCA I or II with strong family history
  61. 61When would you resect a normal thyroid to prevent cancer?RET proto-oncogene with family history of thyroid cancer
  62. 62List Tumor Suppressor GenesRetinoblastoma
    p53
    APC
    DCC
    bcl
    BRCA
  63. 63List of proto-oncogenesRAS
    SRC
    SIS
    Erb B
    MYC
  64. 64Retinoblastoma genetumor suppressor
    chromosome 13
    cell cycle regulation
  65. 65p53tumor suppressor
    chromosome 17
    normal gene induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; abnormal gene causes unrestrained cell growth
  66. 66APCTumor Suppressor Gene
    Chromosome 5
    involved with cell cycle regulation and movemnt
  67. 67DCCtumor suppressor
    chromosome 18
    involved in cell adhesion
  68. 68bcltumor suppressor
    involved in apoptosis
  69. 69BRCAtumor suppressor
    involved in DNA damage/repair, also cell cycle regulation
  70. 70rasproto-oncogene
    G protein defect (GTPase)
  71. 71srcproto-oncogene
    tyrosine kinase defect
  72. 72sisproto-oncogene
    platelet derived growth factor receptor defect
  73. 73erb Bproto-oncogene
    epidermal growth factor receptor defect
  74. 74mycproto-oncogene
    transcription factors
  75. 75Li-Fraumeni Syndromedefect in p53 gene
    childhood sarcomas, breast CA, brain tumors, leukemia, adrenal CA
  76. 76Genes involved in colon CAAPC, p53, DCC, and K-ras
  77. 77Cancers associated with Coal tarlarynx, skin, bronchial CA
  78. 78Cancers associated with Beta-naphthylamineurinary tract/bladder CA
  79. 79Cancers associated with BenzeneLeukemia
  80. 80Cancers Associated with AsbestosLung CA
    Mesothelioma
  81. 81Troisier signhard and enlarged left supraclavicular node (Virchow node), and is considered a sign of metastatic abdominal malignancy
  82. 82Cancers associated with suspicious supraclavicular nodesneck, breast, lung, stomach (Virchow's), pancreas
  83. 83Cancers associated with suspicious axillary node#1 Lymphoma
    breast, melanoma
  84. 84Sister Mary Joseph Nodeperiumbilical node associated with pancreatic cancer
  85. 85Metastases to the ovaries, what are the 2 MC primary cancers from?Gastric AdenoCA (Krukenberg tumor)
    Colon
  86. 86MC primary sites of bone metsbreast (#1)
    prostate
  87. 87MC primary cancer with skin metsBreast CA and melanoma
  88. 88MC primary cancer with small bowel metastasesmelanoma
  89. 89Question that is answered in phase 1 clinical trialis it safe and at what dose?
  90. 90Question that is answered in phase 2 clinical trialis it effective?
  91. 91Question that is answered in phase 3 clinical trialIs it better than existing therapy?
  92. 92what is phase 4 clinical trialimplementation and marketing
  93. 93What is induction therapy?the initial treatment
  94. 94What is primary (Neoadjuvant) chemotherapy?medicines that are administered before surgery for the treatment of cancer
  95. 95What is adjuvant therapy?Chemotherapy and radiation, or chemotherapy and surgery are used together
  96. 96What is salvage therapy?Surgery or chemotherapy given to a patient when other therapeutic choices have failed
  97. 97En bloc multiorgan resectionresection a large bulky tumor with aggressive local invasiveness b/w organs
  98. 98Sentinel LN Biopsy1st LN in which cancer cells are most likely to spread from a primary tumor is removed
  99. 99Most successfully cured metastasis with surgerygerm cell tumor (seminoma)
  100. 100a tumor that surgical debulking can improve chemotherapyovarian cancer
  101. 101curable solid tumors with chemotherapy onllyHodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
  102. 102Name 2 T-cell LymphomasHTLV-1 (skin lesions)
    mycosis fungoides (Sezary cells)
  103. 103HIV related malignanciesKaposi's Sarcoma
    Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Informações

Descrição
Surgery - Absite Review FlashCards sobre Oncology - Absite, criado por Jennifer Huber em 11-06-2018.
Criado por
Jennifer Huber · jun 2018
Atualizado
11 jun 2018
Visualizações
8
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