Flashcards
Science Unit 1 (UK GCSE EDEXCEL)
Flashcards do conjunto (83)
- 1Define: Acid rainRain that is more acidic than normal, due to Sulphur and nitrogen oxides dissolved in it.
- 2Define: Acquired CharacteristicA characteristic that is changed by the environment rather than inherited from your parents.
- 3Define: AdaptationOrganisms have certain characteristics that allow them to survive in particular places. These characteristics are called adaptations.
- 4Define: AddictedWhen the body is dependent on a drug and doesn't work properly without it.
- 5Define: Algae (Singluar - Alga)A group of organisms that can make food using photosynthesis but do not have roots or leaves, like plants. These organisms include seaweeds and some single-celled organisms
- 6Define: AlkaliA soluble base
- 7Define: AlkaneA hydrocarbon with only single bonds between two carbon atoms.
- 8Define: AlkeneA hydrocarbon with at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
- 9Define: AlleleEvery gene comes in different types called Alleles. So a gene for eye colour may come in a 'blue type' allele and a 'brown type' allele.
- 10Define: AlloyMixture of metals
- 11Define: Alloy steelAn alloy of iron with other metals (steel itself is not an alloy)
- 12Alpha ParticlesA type of ionising radiation emitted by a radioactive material.
- 13Define: Alternating CurrentCurrent whose direction changes many time each second.
- 14Define: AmphibiansVertebrates that have a moist, permeable skin and lay jelly-coated eggs in water.
- 15Define: AmplitudeThe maximum distance of particles in a wave from their normal positions.
- 16Define: AntacidA compound that is used to neutralise acid in the stomach
- 17Define: AntibacterialAntibiotic that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
- 18Define: AntibioticSubstance that can kill or slow the growth of microorgansims
- 19Define: AntifungalAntibiotic that kills or slows the growth of fungi.
- 20Define: AntisepticSubstance that is used to stop the spread of Pathogens.
- 21Define: Aqueous SolutionMixture formed when a substance dissolves in water.
- 22Define: AtmosphereLayers of gases that surrounds the earth.
- 23Define: AtomThe smallest part of an element that can take part in chemical reactions.
- 24Define: Autotrophic feedingMake food from small molecules using an energy source, such as light in photosynthesis.
- 25Define: AuxinPlant hormone that affects the growth and elongation of cells in plants.
- 26Define: AxonThe long extension of a neurone that carries an impulse away from the cell body towards other neurones.
- 27Define: Bacteria (Singular - Bacterium)Simple organisms consisting of one cell that does not contain a nucleus.
- 28Define: Bacterium (Plural - Bacteria)Microscopic organisms, some kinds of which are pathogens, such as Salmonella.
- 29Define: Balanced EquationDescription of a reaction using the symbols and formulae of the reactants and products.
- 30Define: BaseA substance that will react with an acid to form only salt and water.
- 31Define: Beta particlesA type of ionising radiation emitted by radioactive material.
- 32Define: Big bang theoryThe theory that says that the universe began from a tiny point with huge energy, and has been expanding ever since.
- 33Define: Binomial systemSystem of naming organisms using two latin words.
- 34Define: BiodegradableA substance that can be broken down by microorgansims.
- 35Define: BiodieselDiesel fuel made from plant material.
- 36Define: BiodiversityA variety of species of plants and animals.
- 37Define: BiofuelAny fuel made by humans from animal or plant materials that have recently died.
- 38Define: BiogasMethane made from animal manure or biodegradable waste from homes and farms
- 39Define: BiomassThe total mass in living organisms, usually shown through the dry mass.
- 40Define: BirdsVertebrates that have lungs, feathers and beaks, and lay hard shelled eggs.
- 41Define: BitumenThe fraction of crude oil with the longest molecules. It is used for making roads and roofs.
- 42Define: Black holeCore of a red supergiant that has collapsed (imploded). Black holes are formed if the remaining core has a mass more than three times of our sun.
- 43Define: Blackspot fungusFungus that damages roses and is killed by sulphur dioxide in the air. Good indicator of clean air.
- 44Define: Blood glucose regulationThe control of concentration of glucose in the blood by the body.
- 45Define: Blood wormAquatic species that is an indicator of polluted water.
- 46Define: Body mass index (BMI)Estimate of how healthy a person's mass is for their height.
- 47Define: Boiling pointThe temperature at which all of a substance starts to turn into a gas.
- 48Define: BondsForces of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule.
- 49Define: Bromine testA test for unsaturation. Bromine water turns colourless when mixed with an unsaturated molecule.
- 50Define: Bromine waterA solution of bromine and water that turns colourless when mixed with an unsaturated molecule.
- 51Define: CaratsA measure of the purity of gold with pure gold being 24 carat.
- 52Define: Carbon brushesBlocks of carbon connected to a circuit. They press against slip rings to make an electrical connection between the circuit and the spinning coil in a generator.
- 53Define: Carbon cycleA sequence of processes by which carbon moves from the atmosphere, through living organisms, into sediments and into the atmosphere again.
- 54Define: Carbon monoxideA toxic gas (CO), it is found in tobacco smoke that replaces oxygen in the blood, and so reduces the amount of oxygen carried around the body.
- 55Define: Carbon neutralA fuel or process that does not add any carbon dioxide to the atmosphere overall.
- 56Define: CarcinogenSomething that causes cancer, such as tar in tobacco smoke.
- 57Define: CataractsWhen the lens of the eye becomes cloudy.
- 58Define: Cell membraneThin layer around a cell that controls what goes into and out of the cell.
- 59Define: Cell wallOuter stiff part of some cells that helps to support a cell. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
- 60Define: CementMaterial made by heating limestone with clay.
- 61Define: Central nervous system (CNS)The spinal cord and brain. These two organs form the main part of the nervous system, processing and controlling the transmission of electrical impulses.
- 62Define: ChalkSedimentary rock, mostly calcium carbonate, made from the remains of marine micro-organisms.
- 63Define: CharacteristicsThe features of an organisms.
- 64Define: Chemical defencePreventing attack by the use of chemicals. For example, many plants produce chemicals that taste unpleasant and this puts puts herbivores off eating them.
- 65Define: Chemical formulaA combination of symbols and numbers that shows how many atoms of different kinds are in a particular molecule. In compounds that do not form molecules, it shows the ratio of elements in the compound.
- 66Define: Chemical potential energyThe energy stored in matter, which can be released by a chemical reaction (such as combustion)
- 67Define: Chemosynthetic bacteriaBacteria that gets the energy they need to make their food from breaking down chemicals; they are producers.
- 68Define: ChloroplastGreen disc found in plant cells, which is used to make food for the plant using photosynthesis.
- 69Define: ChordataAnimals that have a supporting rod along the length of their body. All vertebrates belong to this group. (Chordates)
- 70Define: ChromosomeA long thread of molecule called DNA. Each chromosome contain a series of genes along its length.
- 71Define: CirrhosisDamage to the liver caused by drinking large amounts of alcohol over a long time.
- 72Define: ClassificationThe process of sorting organisms into groups based on their characteristics.
- 73Define: Cleaner fishFish that eat dead skin. Parasites from the skin of other fish.
- 74Define: Climate changeChanges to the Earth's climate, or changes in weather patterns on a global scale.
- 75Define: Clinically obeseWhen someone is very overweight for their height to an extent that has been shown by doctors to cause health problems. For adults this is defined as having a BMI of over 30.
- 76Define: CNSCentral Nervous System.
- 77Define: CombustionChemical reaction when substances burn, combining with oxygen to produce heat and waste products such as Carbon Dioxide.
- 78Define: CompetitionWhen organisms need the same resources as each other, they struggle against each other to get those resources.
- 79Define: Complete CombustionCombustion of hydrocarbons with enough oxygen present to convert all the fuel into carbon dioxide and water.
- 80Define: CompoundA substance containing two or more elements joined together chemically.
- 81Define: ConcentrationThe amount of a substance dissolved in a certain quantity of a liquid. g/cm^3
- 82Define: ConcreteMaterial made by mixing cement with sand, stones and water.
- 83Define: Conductor (Electrical)A sample which allows electricity to pass through it.
Informações
- Descrição
- Unfinished. Taken from Edexcel Science Student Book published by Pearson. All information taken from the glossary. This is only unit 1 of Biology, Chemistry and Physics. I will upload the rest of the glossary for all of the units
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