Flashcards

Animation History

Angelina Sieler animation Alemão 84 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (84)

1What was this man's contribution to animation?His name is Eadweard Muybridge. He was photographer and his studies in 1872 of breaking down a horse's movement still inspire people today
2When was the first photograph taken?In 1826
3What was invented in 1888?The first box camera
4What is the name of this invention and when was it created and by whom?It is named the "Zoopraxiscope" and it was made in 1879 by Eadweard Muybridge
5What is the name of T. Edinson's invention?It is named the "Kinetograph"
6Who is this man and his contributions to animation?His name is Georges Méliès, a French filmmaker who made "A trip to the moon" (1902) and "The man with the rubber head"
He integrated new techniques into filmmaking, such as split screen, matte painting and superimposition, as well as making a coherent story trough camera movement, shots and narration.
7Who was Émile Cohl?Caricaturist & Artist, produced "Fantasmagorie" in 1908
8Who made the movie "Fantasmagorie"?Émile Cohl, in 1908
9Who made the movie "The execution of Mary Stuart" and when was it released?Thomas Edinson, 1895
10Which was one of the first animated advertisements and who was it made by?It was made by Arthur Melbourne Cooper and it is called "Dreams of Toyland"
11What is the "sound-on-film" technique and where was it used?Sound is recorded onto film and it was used in "My old Kentucky home"
12What did Willis o' Brian specify in?Visual sfx and sculptures - He used stop-motion in his dinosaur movie "The dinosaur and the missing link" (1915)
13Who made the short "Humerous phases of funny faces" and when?It was made by cartoonist James Stuart Blackton in 1906
14Which was the first animated character and who made them?Gertie the dinosaur was made by Winsor McCay in 1914
15What movies did Winsor McCay produce?He made "How a mosquito operates"(1912), "Gertie the Dinosaur"(1914) and "The sinking of the Lusitania" (1915)
16Name some pioneers of pre-war animation and filmmakingWinsor McCay, Émile Cohl, Georges Méliés,...
17Name an important business person of early animationJohn Rudolph Bray, specialized in industrial animation
18What invention in 1914 improved the quality of animation?The PegBar from Raoul Barré allowed to have characters seperate from the Background
19Who is the creator of "The enchanted drawing" and when was it made?It was made by James Stuart Blackton in 1900
20What could be considered the first 2D animation and who was it from?One of the first hand-drawn animations was "Humerous phases of funny Faces" (1906) by James Blackton
21Which 2D animated short was published after James Blackton's short?"Fantasmagorie" by Émile Cohl
22Who invented cell animation and when?Earl Hurd, 1914
23Which was the first procedure to create colored movies?The kinemacolor, 1906, with red and green filters
24Which movie of Winsor McCay premiered in 1918?The sinking of the Lusitania
25What is this short's title, producer and year?"Fantasmagorie", Émile Cohl, 1908
26What were the Fleischer brother's jobs?Dave: Film editor
Max: Illustrator
27What is rotoscoping, when was it patented and by whom?It's a technique where animation is drawn over live-action film, it was patented by the Fleischer Brothers in 1915
28In which time-period did sound start to appear in animation?1920's
29Which was the first synchronised animated short to feature sound?"My old Kentucky home", 1926 by Fleischer Studios
30When was "sound-on-film" made?1919
31When was "sound-on-disc" made?1926, the "Vitaphone" (Cutting frames meant desynchronized music)
32Which short did Fleischer Studio's produce in 1933?"Popeye the sailor"
33What animation system did the Fleischer's invent/use regularly?Rotation to create perspective
34Which was the "golden age of animation"?1928 - 1972 (TV-era)
35What happened to Fleischer Studios in 1941?It was brought by Paramount and went bancrupt 1942
36When was Felix the Cat made and what did he contribute?1919 by Fleischer Studios - Not since Gertie has a character gotten so much personality, was very complex, had humerous details and reappeared over and over again
37What was "experimental animation"?Artists started to question traditions of art, they explored forms, experimented with time and space, influenced by Dadaism and Abstractism
38What were the inspirations for "experimental animation"?Wassily Kadinsky's idea of using visual patterns to visualize music + rythm and Leopold Survage's "Colored Rythm" 1913
39Who was Viking Eggeling?Part of "Novembergruppe", Dadaism & Bauhaus - connected diffrent art forms (architecture,...) and made "Diagonal Symphony" (1924)
40Which short is presented here, from which year and by whom?Viking Eggeling's "Diagonal Symphony" from 1924
41Who was Hans Richter?Animator, art director, part of "Novembergruppe" - opposed commercial filmmaking, used photographic work in later films
42Which short is presented here, from which year and by whom?Hans Richter's "Rythm 21", 1921
Movement of square shapes and diagonal lines
43Who was "Walter Ruttmann"?Graphic designer, painted on glass sheets and cut outs, made "Lichtspiel Opus" in 1921, resorted to Nazi Propaganda films in war times
44Which short is presented here, from which year and by whom?Hans Richter's "Filmstudie", 1926
Photographic work + Geometric shapes
45Which short is presented here, from which year and by whom?Walter Ruttmann's "Lichtspiel Opus 1", 1921
Soft organic shapes with hard shapes, moving with rhythm
46Who was Oskar Fischinger?Animator, combined music & images, made first "music videos" , some commercial art, got invited by paramount and disney, but they didn't appreciate abstract art
Used cell - layering to make abstract compositions & create harmony
47Who was "Lotte Reiniger"?One of first female animators in industry, silhouette puppetry & stop motion, used multiplane camera, parallax scrolling (layers of BG), drew her own characters, both avantgarde and commercial filmmaking
48Which was the first animated frature film?"The adventures of Prince Achmed" (1926)
49Who were Claire Parker & Alexandre Alexeieff?Modern artist, animated with "Pinscreen", moved to advertising to fund their projects
50What was Claire Parker's & Alexandre Alexeieff's masterpiece?"The Nose", 1963
51Who made "The Nose" and when?Claire Parker & Alexandre Alexeieff, 1963
52Who was "Mary Ellen Bute"?Worked with electronic devices, project light onto film stock, objects put on film stock, connected light, movement & abstract shapes (1934-1953)
53Who was "Norman McLaren"?Studied material design, influenced by Fischinger, human actions frame-by-frame, and music/rythm inspired animation (1940-1950)
54Who made "The Neighbours" and when?Norman McLaren, 1963
55Who made "Dots" and when?Norman McLaren, 1940
56Who was Len Lye?Used direct animation technique on either black or blue film stock (painting, scratching)
, combined life action & animation
57Who made "Rainbow Dance" and when?Len Lye, 1936 (Live Action & drawing on stock/manipulating)
58Who was Walt Disney?Pursued career in animation, first studio went bankrupt but later revolutionized animation industry
59What was the name of Disney's animation studio?Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, 1923
60What was Disney's first cartoon character?Oswalt the Lucky Rabbit
61Why did Disney create Mickey Mouse and when?Disney lost his rights to the character to the distributor and created a new one in 1928
62Which was the first Mickey mouse shot?"Plane Crazy", 1928
63Which was the first Mickey Mouse short to feature sound?"Steamboat Willie", 1928
64What were the "Silly Symphony" series?Shorts animated to popular music with a bit of storytelling ("Skeleton Dance", 1929)
65Which color systems did Disney use?"Technicolor 2 strip" (1922), "Technicolor 3 strip" (1932) - banned competitors from using it
66Which was Disney's first colored animation?"Flowers and Trees", 1932
67When was storyboarding introduced?In "The three little Pigs", 1933 - together with a chain-produced workflow & training for staff
68Which was Disney's first animated feature film?"Snow White", 1937
69What type of camera did Disney introduce for Snow White?The multiplane camera, 1937 - made realistic 3D effect trough parallax
70What movies did Disney release in the 40's?Pinoccio, Dubo, Bambi, Fantasia
71What movies did Disney release in the 50's?Cindarella, Peter Pan
72Which was Disney's first live action show?"One hour in Wonderland", 1950
73Why is Disney criticized to this day?Produced films for merchandise (Mickey Mouse club), very disorted gender representation
74When did the golden era of animation end and why?When TV and home entertainment dominated the media and people went rarely to theatres
75What other animation companies existed?Warner Brothers, Hanna-Barbera, UPA
76What company did Chuck Jones belong to?Warner Bros.
77What did Warner Brothers accoplish?Among first to release sound,made first shot in 1930, Bugs Bunny in "A Wild Hare" (1940),Looney Tunes - were competitors for Disney
78Who was Chuck Jones?Creator of "Road Runner", got more stylized in "What's opera doc?", 1957, and made experimental animation "The dot and the line" in 1965
79What was Hanna-Barbera?Studio formed by Willian Hanna and Joseph Barbera, created Tom and Jerry in 1940, as well as Flintstones, Scooby Doo & Jogi Bears (Saturday morning Cartoons) - used "limited animation"
80What defines "limited animation"Often found in cartoons: Reusing key poses, suggestion of action, recaps of episodes, smears & motion blur, replacing animation with camera techniques, only moving mouth of characters, walk cycles
Spread in the 1960's
81What was UPA?Studio that used stylized, simplistic animation without lowering quality (modern art/ avantgarde), encouraged to experiment, used geometrical shapes, unshaded colors, not much squash & stretch, more focus on a character's psychology (more mature)
82"What cartoons did UPA make"?"Gerald McBoing-boing" , 1950 (very stylized, reduced background, anti-realist)
83Who was John Hubley?Founder of UPA,made at least 1 independant shor per year, political approaches & important themes were put into stories (cold war in "The Hole")
84What shorts did John Hubley make?"Moonbird", 1959,
"The Hole", 1962