Flashcards
Dental public health VI (100 Flash cards)
Flashcards do conjunto (100)
- 1Prevalentnumeric expression of all existing cases of a disease or health condition in a population measured at a given point or period of time.
- 2Epidemicthe occurrence of disease in excess of normal in a specific community or region
- 3Incidencethe development of new cases of a disease or condition within a specified time period.
- 4Endemicthe relatively low but constant presence of disease in a particular geographic region
- 5***Descriptive designI can only find descriptive approach on pg 199?
- 6Mortalitythe death rate resulting from a specific disease or condition.
- 7Morbiditythe extent of disease, injury, or disability in a defined population.
- 8Oral epidemiologythe only study within epidemiology that is specific to diseases confined to one component of the body, the oral cavity.
- 9surveygather broad information about status quo, large sample size
questionnaires and interviews - 10case studyconduct in depth report on a single person group or event
observations testing and records review - 11cross sectionalto study cross section of pop. In limited period of time
- 12cohort or longitudinalto study same pop. Over extended period of time
- 13document or content analysisto analyze documents themselves
examination of records or documents for specific information or presentation style - 14trendcombines descriptive and historical research to establish patterns from the past and present in order to predict future occurrences
records review, review of the literature interviews observation surveys - 15correlationalmeasure the relationship between variables
comparing two data sets - 16retrospective (causal-comparative or ex post facto)to investigate existing differences to determine possible causes
reverse of experimental approach. Independent variable is not manipulated - 17Prospective cohort pg 198?A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome.
- 18dental fluorosischronic fluoride toxicity
- 19group has the highest prevalence and severity of gingivitis?Youth
- 20Sampling of a populationa) Convenience
b) Random
c) Systematic
d) Pooling
e) Experimental double-blind clinical trials - 21Conveniencesample of individuals who are most readily available to be selected for the study
- 22Randomevery possible subject is selected independently and has an equal chance of being selected
- 23Systematicsamples every "nth" subject, which is determined by dividing the total population size by the desired sampling size
- 24PoolingIn statistics, pooled variance (also known as combined, composite, or overall variance) is a method for estimating variance of several different populations when the mean of each population may be different, but one may assume that the variance of each population is the same.
- 25Experimental double-blind clinical trialsresearch projects which neither the subjects not the investigators know who is in the control group and the other group that recieves the experimental treatment
- 26Research hypothesisA hypothesis stated in terms of a positive outcome
- 27Null hypothesisinitial negative statement of belief about the value of a population parameter. EX: two groups do not differ on as to a variable
- 28Positive hypothesissame as research
- 29Clinical hypothesisA question to be answered in a study ( hypotheses are the result of asking a question that can be researched)
- 30Nominal variablescale of measurement. Organizes data into categories with no rank order or value and no numeric relationship.
- 31Ordinal variablescale of measurement. Organizes data into categories that are ranked in order based on some criterion. An example is the level of difficulty of patients: Class 0, 1, 2, 3.
- 32Continuous variableVariable that can be expressed by a large and infinite number of measures along a continuum and in a fraction, and considered quantitative
- 33Inter-rater reliabilityRefers to the degree of agreement between two or more examiners when they measure a disease or condition with a dental index.
- 34Validity of the study: Internal validity External validitymeans that the study measured what it was supposed to measure
means that the results of the study can be inferred to the general population and depends on how well the sample represents the population - 35Reliability of the studyrefers to the degree to which the study would yield the same result with in the same population each time the study is repeated
- 36random samplea sample in which every subject is selected independently and has an equal chance of being selected. The best way to ensure adequate representation
- 37Meanaverage of scores
- 38Medianmidpoint of scores
- 39Modescores that occur more often
- 40FDAFood and drug administration
- 41CDCCenters for Disease Control and Prevention
- 42WICWomen, infants, and children
- 43WHOWorld health organization
- 44PANDAprevent abuse and neglect through dental awareness
- 45NIHNational institute of health
- 46DHPSADental Health Professional Shortage Area
- 47HMOhealth maintenance organization
- 48USPHSUnited States public health services
AIDS- acquired immune deficiency synd - 49AIDSacquired immune deficiency syndrome
- 50GIGingival Index
- 51OHI-Soral hygiene instructions simplified
- 52LOAloss of attachment
- 53FPLfederal poverty level?
- 54Formative evaluationan internal examination of a program's process and is usually conducted while planning the program
- 55Summativean examination of a program's merit after it has been implemented.
- 56Lesson planwritten document used in planning a presentation
- 57Barriersanything that limits an individual's ability to receive dental services pg 141
- 58Mortalityrefers to the death rate resulting from a specific disease or condition
- 59Morbiditythe extent of disease, injury, or disability in a defined population
- 60Evidence-based practicedental hygiene practice that is based on published research meaning that practitioners derive decisions from documented evidence rather than anecdotal tradition
- 61Dental Public Healthconcerned with the healthcare of a population as a whole rather that the treatment of an individual.
- 62Capitation - (Capitation plan?)plan which a dental provider contracts with a third party to provide all or most of the services to a specified group of people in return for a fixed monthly payment, which is determined according to the number of individuals or families in the group
- 63Cultural competencyawareness and understanding of cultural difference
- 64Cultural sensitivityawareness and understanding of cultures different from ones own
- 65target profile (target population profile?)comprehensive overview of the target population that includes specific descriptions
- 66needs analysisis the process of identifying and evaluating needs (see sample definitions below) in. a community or other defined population of people. The identification of needs is a process of. describing "problems" of a target population and possible solutions to these problems. (not from the book)
- 67Pilot studya version of a proposed study (pg 197)
- 68Access to carethe ability to obtain care
- 69Intervention- ??Public Health Intervention Definition Surveillance Describes and monitors health events through ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data for the purpose of planning, implementing, and evaluating public health interventions. (not from the book)
- 70health disparitiesrefer to differences in the health status of different groups of people. Some groups of people have higher rates of certain diseases, and more deaths and suffering from them, compared to others. These groups may be based on. Race. Ethnicity. (not from the book)
- 71Compliancethe action or fact of complying with a wish or command (not from book)
- 72What is the definition of dental public health?The science and art of preventing oral disease, promoting oral health and improving the quality of life through the organised efforts of society
- 73What are the domains of practice of dental public health?Health protection
Health surveillance
Dental Service Public Health
Health Improvement - 74What is the objective of health protection?Reduce exposures to health hazards e.g. immunisation
- 75What is the objective of health surveillance?To survey and monitor specific disease and risk factors for oral and general health
- 76What is the objective of health services?To improve the quality, coverage, efficiency and equity impact of dental services
- 77What is the purpose of health improvement?To more effectively tackle the determinants of health through better policies, programmes, regulation and legislation
- 78What are examples of social determinants of health?Social gradient and mobility
Addictions
Stress
Unemployment
Ethnicity - 79What is social exclusion?The conceptualisation of individuals, families or groups relative to their society and the degree to which they are being pushed to society's edges and are being excluded from society
- 80How can unemployment typically affect health?25% higher mortality rate
Increased depression and stress
Increased tobacco and alcohol use
Poorer oral hygiene - 81How can homelessness relate to cancer prevalence?Being homeless can increase the risk of contracting oral cancer by 95% compared with the NI population
- 82What is MDAS?Modified dental anxiety scale
- 83How can decayed and missing teeth influence depression?Through oral health related quality of life (OHIP)
- 84What does the term 'Magic Bullet' refer to?A chemical or drug that would kill the target microbe but not the person with the disease
- 85What percentage of dentate adults in Scotland claimed to attend regular check ups?61$%
- 86What percentage of dentate adults in Scotland claimed to attend occasional check ups?10%
- 87What percentage of dentate adults in Scotland claimed to attend the dentist when experiencing pain?27%
- 88What percentage of dentate adults in Scotland claimed to never attend the dentist?2%
- 89What are moderate daily drinking levels?3-4 units per day for males
2-3 units per day for females - 90What would be considered binge drinking?More than 8 units per day for males
More than 6 units per day for females - 91What percentage of adults in Scotland exceed moderate daily drinking limits?males 34%
females 23% - 92What are the lay concepts of illness?Normal illness e.g. infectious diseases
Real illness which require a visit to the doctor
Health problems that are not illnesses e.g. ageing or personality - 93What are the lay concepts of the 3 aspects of the causation of illness?The causative agent is internal/external
The condition is avoidable/unavoidable
The person is to blame/or not to blame - 94What are the three aspects of the triangle of health?Physical health
Social health and well-being
Pyscological health - 95What is the WHO definition of health?A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
- 96What is the WHO definition of oral health?The ability to speak, smile, smell, tase, touch, chew, swallow and convey a range of emotions through facial expressions with confidence and without pain, discomfort and disease of the craniofacial complex
- 97What is dental caries?A bacterial disease of the calcified tissues of teeth characterised by demineralisation of the inorganic and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth
- 98What is the critical pH at which enamel demineralises?5.5
- 99What are the three factors required for dental caries?Susceptible tooth
Time
Substrate - 100How can caries susceptibility and risk be reduced?Increase salivary buffering capacity
Protective coatings
Remove plaque bacteria
Diet
Informações
- Descrição
- Praxis Flashcards: Dental public health FlashCards sobre Dental public health VI (100 Flash cards), criado por ACAPUN INSTITUTE em 05-08-2021.
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- ACAPUN INSTITUTE
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