Flashcards
Unit 3 - Astronomy Flashcards
Flashcards do conjunto (18)
- 1Solar SystemEverything orbiting the sun [8 planets, 5+ Dwarf Planets, Millions of Asteroids, Trillions of comets]
- 2Planets1. Must orbit sun
2. Must be big enough to pull themselves into a round shape
3. Must have cleared their own orbit of similar objects - 3M V E M C J S U N P H M EMercury [Rocky/terrestrial]
Venus [Rocky/terrestrial]
Earth [Rocky/terrestrial]
Mars [Rocky/terrestrial]
Ceres [Dwarf]
Jupiter [Gas giant]
Saturn [Gas giant]
Uranus [Gas giant]
Neptune [Gas giant]
Pluto [Dwarf]
Haumea [Dwarf]
Makemake [Dwarf]
Eris [Dwarf] - 4Moons- Orbit planets rather than sun
- Earth has 1, Jupiter has 60+ - 5Asteroids- Irregular lumps of rock } 1km -> 500km
- Most lie between Mars and Jupiter - 6Comets- Like asteroids but contain ice + frozen gasses
- Mostly exist beyond Neptune in 2 huge clouds [Kuiper Belt + Oort Cloud]
-Occasionally get knocked into inner solar system - 7Stars- Produce own energy [Light, heat, other radiation]
- Made of ~75% Hydrogen, ~24% Helium, ~1% other elements
- Sun = Ordinary star [Some fainter/brighter] - 8Life of a star
- 9Nuclear Fusion
- 10High Mass starsWhen H runs out in a star, core gets hotter + more dense until the He atoms start fusing. Helium -> Carbon -> Oxygen [Now a red giant]
Very massive stars can fuse elements heavier than Helium -> Red supergiant. Eventually they become unstable and explode as supernovae. - 11Milky WaySun is 1 of 200-300 billion stars in the milky-way. Milky way is a huge island of stars, dust, gas + dark matter. Sun orbits Milky way 250 million years.
- 12Milky Way diagram
- 13External galaxiesBeyond the Milky way there are 10's of billions of other galaxies making up the universe. Our closest neighbours form the LOCAL GROUP of ~30 galaxies. [1 of closest = Andromeda - 2.5 million light years]
- 14Types of Galaxies
- 15Astronomical Unit1AU = 150 million km = average distance of earth to sun.
1 light-year ~ 63000 AU
AU not used outside solar system [too small] - 16Stability of stars2 forces [gravity (pushing in) + radiation pressure (pushing out)] are balanced.
- 17The UniverseRedshift : Waves stretched [appear red] - galaxies moving away
Blue shift : Waves compresses [appear blue] - Moving closer - 18Hubble's Law
Informações
- Descrição
- KS4 (GCSE) Year 8 (Physics) FlashCards sobre Unit 3 - Astronomy Flashcards, criado por Oliver H em 10-05-2014.
- Criado por
- Oliver H
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