Flashcards
Rodent Practical
Flashcards do conjunto (83)
- 1How does the general shape of the rat differ from the guinea pig?Rat (myomorphs) = pointed triangular head and short neck
Guinea pigs (hystricomorphs) = short thick neck - 2What is the correct term for a cleft upper lip?Philtrum
- 3Do all rodent species possess a cleft upper lip?Yes
- 4How does method of drinking from a bottle differ in rats and guinea pigs and what is the clinical significance of this?Rats lick end of bottle
Guinea pigs use entire mouth
Therefore, guinea pigs can clog the end of a water bottle with the food in their mouths - 5How does the colour of incisors differ between the rat, guinea pig and chinchilla?Rat = yellow-orange pigmented teeth due to iron deposits
Guinea pig = white teeth
Chinchilla = white teeth but can be pigmented slightly yellow - 6How many digits are there on the forelimb of myomorphs?4 or 5 (digit I reduced)
- 7How many digits are there on the hindlimb of myomorphs?5
- 8How many digits are there on the forelimb of hystricomorphs?4 (digit I missing)
- 9How many digits are there on the hindlimb of hystricomorphs?3 (digit I and V missing)
- 10Are the foot pads fur-covered in rodents?No
- 11Rats have longer hindlimbs than forelimbs - what is the effect of this on locomotion?Allows high-speed bounding by pushing off from hindlimbs
Increased dexterity of forelimbs - 12What is the distribution of mammary tissue in myomorphs?Extensive mammary tissue from neck to anus, except costal arch
- 13How many pairs of teats do myomorphs have?6 pairs
- 14How many pairs of teats do guinea pigs have?1 inguinal pair
- 15How many pairs of teats do chinchillas have?2 thoracic pairs and 1 inguinal pair
- 16How is sexing carried out in rats, mice and gerbils?Anogenital distance
Larger in males that females - 17How is sexing carried out in hamsters?Caudal end has a bulge in males due to scrotal sacs
- 18What is the shape of the perineum in female guinea pigs?Inverted Y shape
- 19What is a unique feature of the female genitalia in guinea pigs?Vaginal membrane seals vaginal orifice except during copulation and parturition
- 20How can male guinea pigs be identified?Median ridge formed by penis and lateral scrotal swellings
- 21Is the vagina in female chinchillas always patent?No - closed except during copulation and parturition
- 22What is unusual about the testes of male guinea pigs and chinchillas?Located in or near the inguinal canal and do not occupy a true scrotal sac
- 23Give 3 venepuncture sites in the guinea pigLateral saphenous vein in hindlimb
Cephalic vein
Jugular vein - 24Give 3 venepuncture sites in the ratLateral tail vein
Ventral tail artery
Lateral saphenous vein - 25How can blood sampling from the tail in rats be made easier?Warm tail prior to sampling to induce vasodilation
- 26Why do rodents have large tympanic bullae?Excellent sense of hearing
- 27Give 2 ways to identify rat or mouse skulls from the shapeProminent zygomatic arch
Flat top - 28Give 2 ways to identify rat or mouse skulls from the teethPigmented incisors
16 teeth in total - 29Give a way to identify guinea pig skulls based on the shapeLarger infraorbital foramen
- 30Give 3 ways to identify guinea pig skulls based on the teethNon-pigmented incisors
20 teeth in total
Premolars and molars - 31How can chinchilla skulls be identified?Very large tympanic bulla
- 32How can ferret skulls be identified?Canine teeth unlike rodents
- 33In which direction do the upper teeth tend to grow when malocclusion occurs in guinea pigs?Grow into cheek
- 34In which direction do the lower teeth tend to grow when malocclusion occurs in guinea pigs?Grow into tongue
- 35How does the dental formula differ between myomorphs and hystricomorphs?Myomorphs 16 teeth: 4 incisors, no premolars, 12 brachiodont molars
Hystricomorphs 20 teeth: 4 incisors, 4 premolars, 12 aradicular (open-rooted) molars - 36What term is given to the large toothless gap of rodents?Diastema
- 37In which species is a clavicle present?Rat
Mouse
Guinea pig (underdeveloped)
Chinchilla - 38What is the functional significance of a clavicle being present?Allows greater dexterity in forelimbs
- 39What stance do rodents adopt on their forelimbs?Varies but mostly digitigrade
- 40What stance do rodents adopt on their hindlimbs?Plantigrade
- 41In which species does the pelvic floor separate into its component halves at parturition?Mouse
Guinea pig - 42Why must guinea pigs be bred before 7-10 months of age?Fusion of pelvic bones past this point leads to dystocia
- 43How does the lateral masseter in rodents differ from that of a carnivore?Larger for gnawing and chewing
- 44Explain why myomorphs have superior gnawing capabilities compared to hystricomorphsIn hystricomorphs larger infraorbital foramen -> medial masseter inserts on rostral muzzle at less acute angle -> reduced pulley effect -> less powerful gnawing in hystricomorphs
- 45What is the function of the cheek folds?Divide oral cavity into gnawing and grinding compartments
- 46In which species are cheek pouches present?Hamster
Rudimentary in chinchilla - 47Are all rodent teeth open rooted?No - myomorphs have brachiodont (closed-rooted) molars
- 48What is the term for the enlarged root of the tongue?Torus linguae
- 49What is the term for the aperture between the tongue and soft palate?Palatial ostium
- 50What is the clinical significance of the aperture between the tongue and soft palate in guinea pigs?Caudal tongue continuous with soft palate except at palatial ostium
Palatial ostium very small so guinea pigs are difficult to intubate - 51What is the relative size of the thoracic and abdominal cavities in rodents?Abdominal larger
- 52How does the guinea pig stomach differ to the rat and hamster?Guinea pigs possess an entirely glandular stomach
Rats and hamsters have a non-glandular forestomach separated by a limiting ridge - 53What is the shape of the spleen in the rat?Oblong
- 54What is the shape of the spleen in the guinea pig?Large and round
- 55What is the largest dilation of the alimentary tract in the guinea pig?Cecum
- 56How many taenia does the guinea pig caecum have?3
- 57What type of kidney do rodents have?Unipapillate
- 58Are the female urinary and reproductive openings combined in rodents as they are in domestic species of mammal?No
Female rodents have 3 separate openings - 59What is the functional significance of the inguinal ring in male rodents?Open so males can retract testes - scrotal or inguinal position
- 60What is the clinical significance of the inguinal ring in male rodents?Open inguinal ring
Therefore closed castration needs to be performed - 61Which large structure is attached to each epididymis in male rodents?Cranial fat body
- 62What is the shape of the vesicular glands in rats?Curled, resemble uterine horns
- 63What is the shape of the vesicular glands in guinea pigs?Twisted cylinders
- 64What is the shape of the vesicular glands in chinchillas?Long and tubular
- 65Are all accessory sex glands present in all species?No ampullae in hystricomorphs
- 66Which rodent species have an os penis?Both myomorphs and hystricomorphs possess an os penis
However, more developed in hystricomorphs - 67Give an alternative term for the os penisBaculum
- 68What type of uterus do guinea pigs and rats have?Rats = duplex
Guinea pigs = bicornuate - 69Why is ovariohysterectomy complicated in rodents?Fat in broad ligament makes identification of ovary difficult
- 70How many digits do rats have?5 on forefoot
5 on hindfoot - 71How many digits do gerbils have?4 on forefoot
5 on hindfoot - 72How many digits do hamsters have?4 on forefoot
5 on hindfoot - 73How many digits do guinea pigs have?4 on forefoot
3 on hindfoot - 74How many digits do chinchillas have?5 on forefoot
4 on hindfoot - 75In which region are the 6 pairs of teats in rats located?3 pairs thoracic
1 pair abdominal
2 pairs inguinal - 76What is the texture of the tongue in rodents?Numerous gustatory and mechanical papillae
- 77In which quadrant is the stomach located?Left cranial
- 78In which quadrant is the spleen located?Left cranial
- 79On which side of the abdomen is the small intestine?Right
- 80In which quadrant is the caecum?Left ventral
- 81What separates the non-glandular and glandular stomach in the rat?Limiting ridge
- 82What separates the glandular and non-glandular stomach in the hamster?Limiting ridge extensive so forms a sphincter
- 83What is a unipapillate kidney?One papilla and one calyx enter the ureter directly
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- BVSc Animal Health Science 2 (Exotic Animals) FlashCards sobre Rodent Practical, criado por Florence Edwards em 29-04-2017.
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- Florence Edwards
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