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Appleton & Lange - Pharmaceutical Calculation

Description

While the number of prescriptions requiring compounding has diminished during the past decade, the importance of pharmaceutical calculations has not declined. There is a continued necessity to compound some prescriptions and medical orders, especially for pharmacists preparing parenteral admixtures in both institutional and community settings. In addition, competence in mathematics is essential in order to comprehend the scientific literature.
Alexxis De Paz
Quiz by Alexxis De Paz, updated more than 1 year ago
Alexxis De Paz
Created by Alexxis De Paz almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Micro, nano, atto, and mega are prefixes associated with which of the following measuring systems?
Answer
  • avoirdupois
  • metric
  • Systeme International

Question 2

Question
One hundred (100) micrograms equals
Answer
  • 100,000 nanograms
  • 0.1 milligrams
  • 0.001 grams

Question 3

Question
A patient's serum cholesterol value is reported as 4 mM/L. This concentration expressed in terms of mg/dL will be (mol. wt. cholesterol - 386) [blank_start]154 mg/dL[blank_end].
Answer
  • 154 mg/dL

Question 4

Question
What is the minimum amount of a potent drug that may be weighed on a prescription balance with a sensitivity requirement of 6 mg if at least 98% accuracy is required? [blank_start]300 mg[blank_end]
Answer
  • 300 mg

Question 5

Question
The upper therapeutic drug concentration for vancomycin is considered to be 40 mcg/mL. Express this value in terms of mg/dL. [blank_start]4 mg/dL[blank_end]
Answer
  • 4 mg/dL

Question 6

Question
Calculate the dose of a drug to be administered to a patient if the dosing regimen is listed as 2 mg/kg/day. The patient weighs 175 lb. [blank_start]160 mg[blank_end]
Answer
  • 160 mg

Question 7

Question
The adult dose of a drug is 250 mg. What would be the approximate dose for a 6-year-old child weighing 60 lb (Use Young's Rule). [blank_start]85 mg[blank_end]
Answer
  • 85 mg

Question 8

Question
A package insert lists a drug dose for a neonate as being 10 mcg/kg/day. The age range for a neonate is considered to be
Answer
  • birth to 1 month
  • 1 month to 6 months
  • 1 month to 1 year
  • birth to 1 week
  • 1 year through 5 years

Question 9

Question
The child's dose of a drug is reported as 1.2 mg/kg body weight. What is the appropriate dose for a child weighing 60 lb? [blank_start]32 mg[blank_end]
Answer
  • 32 mg

Question 10

Question
The infusion rate of theophylline established for a neonate is 0.08 mg/kg/hr. How many mg of drug are needed for a 12-hr infusion bottle if the body weight is 16 lb? [blank_start]7 mg[blank_end]
Answer
  • 7 mg

Question 11

Question
How many mg of codeine phosphate are being consumed daily by a patient taking the following prescription as directed? [blank_start]33 mg[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 33 mg

Question 12

Question
How many mg of codeine base is in each dose of the cough product used in Question 11? (Mol. wts: codeine = 299; codeine phosphate = 406) [blank_start]6 mg[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 6 mg

Question 13

Question
The directions intended for the patient on a prescription read "1 tbsp ac and hs for 10 days." What is the minimum volume the pharmacist should dispense? [blank_start]600 mL[blank_end]
Answer
  • 600 mL

Question 14

Question
The USP contains nomograms for estimating body surface area (BSA) for both children and adults. Which of the following measurements must be known in order to use this nomogram?
Answer
  • age and height
  • age and weight
  • height and creatinine clearance
  • height and weight
  • weight and sex

Question 15

Question
The adult dose of a drug is 200 mg. What is an appropriate dose for an 8-year-old child whose BSA is calculated to be 0.6 m^2? [blank_start]70 mg[blank_end]
Answer
  • 70 mg

Question 16

Question
Blood pressure measurements were made for 1 week on five patients with the following averages. What is the median systolic pressure? [blank_start]160[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 160

Question 17

Question
Using the above data, determine the approximate average diastolic blood pressure value. [blank_start]80[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 80

Question 18

Question
After 1 month of therapy, all of the patients listed in Question 16 had a systolic blood pressure reduction of 10 mm with a standard deviation (SD) of 5 mm. What percentage of patients had a reduction between 5 and 15 mm? [blank_start]70%[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 70%

Question 19

Question
Lanoxin Pediatric Elixir contains 0.05 mg of digoxin per mL. How many micrograms (mcg) are there in 3 mL of the elixir? [blank_start]150[blank_end]
Answer
  • 150

Question 20

Question
A pharmacists adds 1 pint of Alcohol USP to 1 L of a mouthwash formula. What is the new percentage of alcohol present if the original mouthwash was labeled as 12% V/V ethanol? [blank_start]38%[blank_end]
Answer
  • 38%

Question 21

Question
A prescription calls for the dispensing of a 4% Pilocar solution with the directions of "gtt i OU TID." How many mg of pilocarpine hydrochloride is being used per day? Assume that the dropper is calibrated to deliver 20 drops to the mL. [blank_start]12 mg[blank_end]
Answer
  • 12 mg

Question 22

Question
The adult intravenous (IV) dose of zidovudine is 2 mg/kg q 4 h six times daily. How many mg will a 180-lb patient receive daily? [blank_start]980 mg[blank_end]
Answer
  • 980 mg

Question 23

Question
A pharmacist dilutes 100 mL of Clorox with sufficient water to make one quart of solution. Express the concentration of sodium hypochloride in the final dilution as a W/V ratio. (Commercial Clorox contains 5.25% W/V sodium hypochlorite.) [blank_start]1/180[blank_end]
Answer
  • 1/180

Question 24

Question
How many mg of cocaine HCl is in the final solution? [blank_start]160 mg[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 160 mg

Question 25

Question
How many mL of Adrenalin HCl Solution (0.1%) may be used to prepare the solution? [blank_start]2 mL[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 2 mL

Question 26

Question
How many mL of the reconstituted solution are required for each day of therapy? [blank_start]4.8 mL[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 4.8 mL

Question 27

Question
What infusion rate in mL/min should the nurse establish for each bottle? [blank_start]5 mL/min[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 5 mL/min

Question 28

Question
An ICU medical order reads "KCl 40 mEq in 1 liter N/S. Infuse at 0.5 mEq/min." How many minutes will this bottle last on the patient? [blank_start]80[blank_end]
Answer
  • 80

Question 29

Question
The attending physician changes the flow rate of the solution (KCl 40 mEq/1 L N/S) to 2 mEq per hour. What will be approximate flow rate in mL/min? [blank_start]0.8[blank_end]
Answer
  • 0.8

Question 30

Question
An administration set delivers 60 drops to the mL. How many drops per minute are needed to obtain 20 units of heparin per minute if the IV admixture contains 15,000 units per 250 mL of normal saline? [blank_start]20[blank_end]
Answer
  • 20

Question 31

Question
Dopamine (Intropin) 200 mg in 500 mL of normal saline at 5 mcg/kg/min is ordered for a 155-lb patient. What is the final concentration of solution in mcg/mL? [blank_start]400[blank_end]
Answer
  • 400

Question 32

Question
Referring to Question 31, at what rate (mL/min) should the solution be infused to deliver the desired dose of 5 mcg/kg/min? [blank_start]0.88[blank_end] [Question 31: Dopamine (Intropin) 200 mg in 500 mL of normal saline at 5 mcg/kg/min is ordered for a 155-lb patient.]
Answer
  • 0.88

Question 33

Question
A 250-mL infusion bottle contains 5.86 g of potassium chloride (KCl). How many milliequivalent (mEq) of KCl are present? (Mol. wt. KCl = 74.6) [blank_start]78.5[blank_end]
Answer
  • 78.5

Question 34

Question
A solution contains 1.5 mEq of calcium per 100 mL. Express the solution's strength of calcium in terms of mg/L. (The atomic weight of calcium is 40.) [blank_start]300[blank_end]
Answer
  • 300

Question 35

Question
Calcium chloride (CaCl2 - 2H2O) has a formula weight of 147. What weight of the chemical is needed to obtain 40 mEq of calcium? (Ca = 40.1; Cl = 35.5; H2O = 18) [blank_start]2.94 g[blank_end]
Answer
  • 2.94 g

Question 36

Question
A floor nurse requests a 50-mL minibottle to contain heparin injection 100 units/mL. The number of mL of heparin injection 10,000 units/mL needed for this order will be [blank_start]0.5 mL[blank_end]
Answer
  • 0.5 mL

Question 37

Question
The estimated creatinine clearance rate for a 120-lb male patient is 40 mL/min. What maintenance does should be administered if the normal dose was calculated to be 80 mg? (Assume only renal elimination) [blank_start]20 mg[blank_end]
Answer
  • 20 mg

Question 38

Question
A nursing floor requests one pint of 50% Isopropyl alcohol as a rubbing compound. How many mL of Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol (70% V/V) will be needed for compounding this order? [blank_start]342[blank_end]
Answer
  • 342

Question 39

Question
A physician requests 1 lb of bacitracin ointment containing 200 U of bacitracin per gram. How may grams of bacitracin ointment (500 U/g) must be used to make this ointment? [blank_start]182[blank_end]
Answer
  • 182

Question 40

Question
What weight of salicylic acid is needed to prepare 1 pt of the formula listed? [blank_start]23.7 g[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 23.7 g

Question 41

Question
What percent V/V concentration of alcohol would be listed on the label? [blank_start]15.8%[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 15.8%

Question 42

Question
How many mL of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous injection (40 mg/mL) could be used to prepare 240 mL of the formula? [blank_start]12.5[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 12.5

Question 43

Question
Propylene glycol was purchased at a cost of $24.00 per pound. What is the cost of 100 mL of the liquid? (Specific gravity = 1.04) [blank_start]$5.50[blank_end]
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Answer
  • $5.50

Question 44

Question
A pharmacist adds 2 mL of tobramycin injection (40 mg/mL) to 4 mL of tobramycin ophthalmic solution 0.3%. The concentration of tobramycin in the final mixture will be [blank_start]0.015[blank_end] g/mL.
Answer
  • 0.015

Question 45

Question
A hospital clinic requests 2 lb of 2% hydrocortisone ointment. How many grams of 5% hydrocortisone ointment could be diluted with white petrolatum to prepare this order? [blank_start]363[blank_end]
Answer
  • 363

Question 46

Question
How many mL of glyerin would be needed to prepare 1 lb of an ointment containing 5% W/W glycerin? (The density of glyerin is 1.25 g/mL) [blank_start]18.2[blank_end]
Answer
  • 18.2

Question 47

Question
A total parenteral nutrition (TPN) order requires 500 mL of D30W. How many mL of D50W should be used if the D30W is not available? [blank_start]300[blank_end]
Answer
  • 300

Question 48

Question
How many grams of 1% hydrocortisone cream must be mixed with 0.5% hydrocortisone cream if one wishes to prepare 60 grams of an 0.8% W/W preparation? [blank_start]36[blank_end] g
Answer
  • 36

Question 49

Question
How many grams of pure hydrocortisone powder must be mixed with 60 g of 0.5% hydrocortisone cream if one wishes to prepare a 2.0% W/W preparation? [blank_start]0.92[blank_end] g
Answer
  • 0.92

Question 50

Question
How much sodium chloride is needed to adjust the following prescription to isotonicity? (The E value for sodium thiosulfate is 0.31.) [blank_start]0.53[blank_end] g
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Answer
  • 0.53

Question 51

Question
How much additional sodium chloride should be added to the following prescription to maintain isotonicity? (Zincfrin is an isotonic solution.) [blank_start]0.4 g[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 0.4 g

Question 52

Question
How many mg of sodium chloride are needed to adjust 30 mL of a 4% cocaine HCl solution to isotonicity. The freezing point depression of a 1% solution of cocaine HCl is 0.09 degrees. [blank_start]83[blank_end]
Answer
  • 83

Question 53

Question
Estimate the milliosmolarity (mOsm/L) for normal saline. (Na = 23; Cl = 35.5) [blank_start]300[blank_end] mOsm/L
Answer
  • 300

Question 54

Question
How many milliosmoles are present in a solution prepared by dissolving 1000 mg of soldium chloride in 100 mL D5W? (Na = 23; Cl = 35.5; hydrous dextrose = 198) [blank_start]60[blank_end]
Answer
  • 60

Question 55

Question
How many grams of glacial acetic acid (99.9% W/W) must be added to 1 gallon of purified water to prepare an irrigation solution containing 0.25% W/V acetic acid? [blank_start]9.5[blank_end] g
Answer
  • 9.5

Question 56

Question
How much elemental iron is present in every 300 mg of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 - 7H2O)? [Atomic weights: iron = 55.9; S = 32; O = 16; H = 1. Iron has valences of +2 and +3) [blank_start]60[blank_end] mg
Answer
  • 60

Question 57

Question
The USP states that 1 g of a chemical is soluble in 10 mL of alcohol. What is the percentage strength of a saturated solution of this chemical if alcohol has a sp. gr. of 0.80? [blank_start]11.1% W/W[blank_end]
Answer
  • 11.1% W/W

Question 58

Question
What is the decay constant (k) of the radioisotope 32P if its half-life is 14.3 days? (Assume that radiopharmaceuticals follow first order kinetics.) [blank_start]0.048[blank_end]/day
Answer
  • 0.048

Question 59

Question
A radiopharmacist prepares a solution of 99m Tc (40 mCi/mL) at 6:00 AM. If the solution is intended for administration at 12:00 noon at a dose of 20 mCi, how many mL of the original solution are needed? (The half-life of the radioisotope is 6 hours.) [blank_start]1.0[blank_end] mL
Answer
  • 1.0

Question 60

Question
What concentration of the original 99m Tc solution described in Question 59 will remain 24 hours after its original preparation? [blank_start]2.5[blank_end] mCi
Answer
  • 2.5

Question 61

Question
How many grams of magnesium is present in every 350 mL dose? (Mg - 24.3; Carbonate - 60) [blank_start]4.32[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 4.32

Question 62

Question
What percent W/V of hydrated citric acid could be listed in a formula if the anhydrous citric acid is not available? The hydrated form of citric acid contains 10% water. (Molecular weight citric acid, anhydrous = 192 g/mole; water = 18 g/mole.) [blank_start]8.7[blank_end]
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Answer
  • 8.7

Question 63

Question
A nursing home patient is experiencing dairrhea from his enteral nutritional solution, which has an osmolarity of 520 mOsm/L. How many mL of purified water are needed to reduce 500 mL of this solution to an osmolarity of 300 mOsm/L? [blank_start]360[blank_end] mL
Answer
  • 360

Question 64

Question
The level of iron impurities in a water sample is 2 mg per liter. Express this concentration in terms of ppm. [blank_start]2[blank_end] ppm
Answer
  • 2

Question 65

Question
The concentration of mercury in a water sample is reported as 5 ppm. Express this concentration as a percentage. [blank_start]0.0005%[blank_end]
Answer
  • 0.0005%
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