1609906
Flashcards by Justin Veazey, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Justin Veazey
over 6 years ago
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Description
| Question | Answer |
| Alpha 1 receptor (Effects) | Vasoconstriction Mydriasis |
| Alpha 2 receptor (effects) | Vasodilation Sedation & analgesia |
| Beta 1 receptor (function) | +ve ionotropy Tachycardia |
| Beta 2 receptors (function) | Bronchodilation Vasodilation (musc) Uterine relaxation |
| Alpha 1 Agonist | Phenylephrine |
| Alpha 1 Antagonist | Prasozin |
| Alpha 2 Agonist | Xylazine Detomidine |
| Alpha 2 Antagonist | Yohimbine Atipamezole |
| Beta 2 receptor Antagonist | Propranolol |
| Beta 1 receptor Agonist | Dobutamine Dopamine |
| Beta 2 Receptor Agonist | Salbutamol Clenbuterol |
| Beta 1 receptor Antagonist | Atenelol Metoprolol |
| Beta 3 Receptor Function | Lipolysis |
| M1 receptor Funciton | Neural CNS excitation, Gastric acid secretion, Gut motility |
| M2 Receptor function | Cardiac & Neural inhibition |
| M3 receptor funciton | Glandular Secretion, smooth muscle contraction, Vasodilation (NO) |
| M4 receptor function | CNS Smooth muscle |
| M5 receptor function | substantia nigra, Salivary glands, Iris |
| ACh effects | Decreased blood pressure Bradychardia Increased secretion and motility in GI tract Smooth muscle contraction in bladder, Uterus, bronchioles Convulsions Stimulation of autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla Skeletal muscle contraction |
| Direct-acting Parasymathomiments | Acetylcholine Bethanechol (PO) Pilocarpine (eye) Carbachol Muscarine (poisoning) |
| Bethanechol effects | Contracts detrusor muscle (bladder paralysis) [Selectivity for M3 receptors] |
| When do you not use Bethanechol? | GI obstruction |
| Pilocarpine effects | Induces miosis 2-6 hours (iris contraction) Decreases IOP (lifts Iris from trabecular meshwork) |
| When do you not use Pilocarpine | Anterior uveitis or Anterior lens luxation |
| Reversible anticholinesterases (Indirect-acting Parasymathomiments) | Neostigmine Edrophonium Pyridostigmine Physostigmine Demecarium Carbamates |
| Neostigmine 'uses' | Reversal of Competitive NMB Rumen atony Initiating peristalsis Emptying the bladder Myasthenia gravis (usually longer acting pyridostimine) |
| Edrophonium | Diagnose Myasthenia gravis (dogs/cats) [Shorter acting t/ Neostigmine) |
| When Edrophonium is used to Diagnose a problem; What are the two possible outcomes? | Myasthenic crisis (improved muscle funciton) Cholinergic crisis (muscle weakness) |
| Irreversible anticholinesterases [Indirect-acting parasymathomiments] | Echthiophate (eye) Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (eye) Antiparasitics Insecticides/Pesticides |
| Echotiophate/DFP (Diisopropyl fluorophosphate) Effect | Miosis (12 hours) Decreased IOP (lifting meshwork) |
| When do you not use Echotiophate /diisopropyl fluorophophate? | Anterior uveitis anterior lens luxation [same as pilocarpine] |
| Organophosphate toxicity Treatment | Atropine Pralidoxime |
| Direct-acting parasymathhomiments examples | Atropine Glycopyrrolate Scopolamine (hyosine) Aminopentamide Oxybutynin Propantheline Pirenzepine (M1-gut only) Ipratropium |
| Atropine effects | Dries secretions Slows gut Tachycardia Bronchodilation Mydriasis Cycoplegia Difficulty w/ urination |
| Atropine Indications | Anesthetic pre-medication Gut-spasm (not very effective) Bradycardia Organophosphate poisoning |
| Atropine Contraindications | Glaucoma Tachycardia |
| Atropine Precautions/Considerations | Horses-panic (adynamic ileus) Ruminants- decreased parotid, sticky saliva Cats- hypersalivation, bitter taste Rabbits- break it down quickly |
| Glycopyrrolate 'Facts' | Muscarinic antagonist Specific- Heart Less tachyarrhythmias Pre-anesthetic: Dogs/Cats [longer lasting- Atropine, more expensive] |
| Scopolamine | More CNS effects t/ atropine [Direct-acting parasymathomimentics] |
| N-butylscopolammonium Bromide | Does not cross the BBB -NSAIDs [Direct-acting parasymathomimetics] |
| Aminopentamide | GI indications; Vomiting/diarrhea/nausea/visceral spasm Cats/Dogs |
| Oxybutynin/ Propantheline | Relax the bladder wall Allows filling [Direct-acting parasymathomimetics] |
| Examples of; Muscarinic agonists as mydraitics | Atropine Tropicamide Homatropine Cyclopentolate Scopolamine |
| Treatments for: Heart Failure | Epinephrine B1 agonists |
| Treatments for: Anaphylactic reaction | Epinephrine |
| Treatments for: Airway obstruction | Clenbuterol Albuterol B2 agonists |
| What would you use to slow a heart-rate? | B1 blockers |
| What would you use for vasodilation? (think general) | A1 blockers |
| Alpha 1 selective agonist | Phenylephrine |
| Alpha 2 selective agonist examples | Xylazine Detomidine Medetomidine Dexmedetomidine Romifidine |
| What is special about the A2 agonist Brimonidine? | Very little CNS effects |
| Main use of Phenylephrine | Hypotension/shock (Eye Diagnostic) Mydriasis |
| Ractopamine/Zilpaterol | Non-selective B agonists Partitioning agents (weight/feed/leanness) |
| Which species is Ractopamine used in? | Pigs, Cattle, Turkeys [Non-selective B agonists] (Partitioning) |
| What species is Zilpaterol used in? | Cattle 'Partitioning agent' [Non selective B agonist] |
| Which receptors does Isoxsuprine work on? | B2 agonist/ A1 antagonist |
| What are Albuterol/Clenbuterol used for? | Asthma, COPD, Acute bronchitis Ciliary augmenters |
| Adverse effects of: Albuterol/Clenbuterol | -Cardiostimulation, Vasodilation, uterine relaxation -Nervousness, sweating, muscle tremors -Receptor down-regulation |
| Direct+Indirect-acting Sympathomimentics Examples | Phenylpropanolamine Ephedrine Pseudoephedrine |