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Quiz

Study Guide 13 - Winter 2015

John Bench 39 questions

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Questions in this quiz (39)

  1. 1Xeroderma pigmentosum, can be considered a disease linked to a deficiency in a protein required within the transcription apparatus. Why?
    1. AThe disease xeroderma pigmentosum is caused by a defect in a cell's ability to repair DNA damage caused by irradiation, amongst other causes. A DNA damage repair complex is required, which consists of several DNA repair proteins, including XPC, XPF, XPG, and ERCC1, associated with the
      core of TFIIH during transcription elongation. XPC recognizes damaged DNA and provides a link between the processes of transcription and preferential repair of the transcribed DNA strand. XPF, XPG, and ERCC1 are endonucleases involved with the repair process. In addition to these proteins, the TFIIH complex also includes the protein XPD, a helicase involved in both the initial creation of the transcription bubble and the melting of DNA at the site of damage. Mutations in any of the XP genes cause the disease.
    2. Bnone of these
  2. 2A cis-acting DNA sequence restricted to a fixed position physically distant from a promoter recognized by RNA polymerase II does not effectively influence the initiation of transcription, ; however, the same sequence brought into a close physical proximity with the promoter facilitates efficient transcription. Describe why the sequence must be in close proximity to the core promoter region for function.
    1. ADNA sequences to which proteins bind effectively influence the initiation of transcription by increasing the concentration of activator proteins in close physical proximity of the core promoter; therefore, the physical placement of the sequence is crucial to its function. Restriction of the placement of a sequence would limit its ability to physically contact the core promoter, effectively eliminating its effect on transcription initiation. Enhancer sequences can increase transcription efficiency even when maintaining positions several kb upstream or downstream of the start-point, regardless of their orientation, ; however, the intervening DNA must be flexible so that it can be looped out of the way such that the enhancer and promoter are brought into close proximity.
    2. Bnone of these
  3. 3 The nucleotide sequence elements within the promoters of genes recognized by RNA polymerase II are assembled in a "mix and match" fashion. A). Explain the regulatory significance of this organizational pattern. B). Considering the fact that sequence elements can function in either orientation, what does this suggest regarding the function of nucleotide sequence elements within the process of transcription initiation?
    1. ADNA sequences to which proteins bind effectively influence the initiation of transcription by increasing the concentration of activator proteins in close physical proximity of the core promoter, ; therefore, the physical placement of the sequence is crucial to its function. Restriction of the placement of a sequence would limit its ability to physically contact the core promoter, effectively eliminating its effect on transcription initiation. Enhancer sequences can increase transcription efficiency even when maintaining positions several kb upstream or downstream of the start-point, regardless of their orientation, ; however, the intervening DNA must be flexible so that it can be looped out of the way such that the enhancer and promoter are brought into close proximity.
    2. BA variety of elements including the GC box and CAAT box can contribute to the function of the promoter; however, none of the nucleotide sequence elements are essential for all promoters. Therefore, promoters may contain the same sequence elements or maintain a completely different organization. This organizational pattern confers a level of regulation due to the unique combination of nucleotide sequence elements contained within each promoter. The diverse combination of sequence elements ensures activation of the gene will only occur in the presence of a specific
      combination of DNA binding proteins.
    3. CThe function of sequence elements is to bring proteins within the vicinity of the basal apparatus to facilitate initiation. The fact that the sequence elements can function in either orientation demonstrates that the promoter sequence must be flexible enough to facilitate the protein-–protein
      interactions between individual transcription factors and between transcription factors and the basal apparatus.
  4. 4Eukaryotic RNA polymerases can be distinguished by their sensitivities to ____________.
    1. Aactinomycin D
    2. Balpha-amanitin
    3. Cchloramphenicol
    4. Drifampicin
  5. 5Pre-initiation begins with either _________ or TATA binding protein binding to the core promoter
    1. ATFIID
    2. BTFIIH
    3. CTFIIE
    4. DTFIIF
  6. 6The C-terminal domain of the largest RNA polymerase subunit must be ____________ for chain elongation to occur.
    1. Amethylated
    2. Bphosphorylated
    3. Cglycosylated
    4. Dprotonated
  7. 7Which of the following is NOT a function of some type of RNA?
    1. ACarrying nucleotide sequence information
    2. BMetabolic energy transformation
    3. CControl of protein production
    4. DTranslation of nucleotide sequence into amino acid sequence
    5. ECatalysis of chemical reactions
  8. 8A consensus sequence is one that is
    1. Adeduced from investigation of crystal structures of DNA binding proteins interacting with DNA.
    2. Bdeduced from studying the effects of mutation on a single nucleotide, such as the promoter of one gene.
    3. Cdeduced by comparing sequences, looking for perfect matches in all sequences.
    4. Ddeduced by comparing sequences, looking for a high level of agreement, though not necessarily a perfect match, between all sequences.
    5. Ededuced from whole genome sequence analysis, looking for protein coding regions that are identical.
  9. 9The nucleotide sequences upstream from a transcriptional start site and where RNA polymerase binds to convert DNA from a closed to an open complex are called a(n)
    1. A-35 sequence.
    2. Benhancer.
    3. CShine-Dalgarno sequence
    4. DKozak sequence
    5. Epromoter.
  10. 10Figure 1 shows the results of a site directed mutagenesis experiment analyzing the upstream region of the mouse Beta-globin gene. Specific point mutations were introduced into upstream region and then the ability of the mutated upstream region to promote transcription was measured, with the transcriptional activity of the wild-type sequence designated as 1.0.

    What conclusion about the ATATAA sequence marked by the open box is warranted by the data?    Image for question 10
    1. AIt is a location where proteins can bind to reduce transcription.
    2. BIt is a sequence needed for positive regulation of transcription.
    3. CIt signals the ribosome to begin translation at the next ATG
    4. DIt base pairs with a short sequence in the 16S rRNA
    5. EThe reduction in relative transcription at this site indicates that the sequence is used to signal transcription termination.

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