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Study Guide 14 - Winter 2015

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Quiz on Study Guide 14 - Winter 2015, created by John Bench on 22/03/2015.
John Bench
Quiz by John Bench, updated more than 1 year ago
John Bench
Created by John Bench about 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
What would be the likely cellular effects of a large deletion in the gene encoding the polymerase responsible for adding 3′ poly(A) tails to eukaryotic mRNAs?
Answer
  • Inactivation of the polymerase would lead to incomplete pre-mRNA processing, including 3′ end formation, splicing, editing, and transport—and would certainly be lethal.
  • Activation of the polymerase would lead to incomplete pre-mRNA processing, including 3′ end formation, splicing, editing, and transport—and would certainly be lethal.

Question 2

Question
Compare and contrast splicing mechanisms used by spliceosomes, group I introns, and group II introns, with respect to the nucleophiles, proteins, or nucleic acids involved and how the specificity of splice sites is achieved.
Answer
  • Group I and group II introns are generally self-splicing, with only the RNA backbone of the intron required for the reaction in vitro. The nucleophile in the first step, cleavage of the 5′ splice site, is a guanine nucleotide or nucleoside for group I introns, and the 2′-OH of an internal A residue for group II introns. The second step uses the liberated 3′-OH at the 5′ splice site as nucleophile to attack the phosphodiester bond at the 3′ splice site, joining the exons. Site specificity is aided by guide sequences that are part of the intron structures. Introns removed with spliceosomes follow a mechanism similar to group II introns, but also rely on the spliceosome ribonucleoprotein complex to catalyze their excision.
  • None

Question 3

Question
Self-splicing introns do not require an energy source, such as ATP or GTP, to catalyze splicing. How does self-splicing proceed with a reasonable yield of products?
Answer
  • Self-splicing catalyzes phosphodiester exchange reactions with no net loss or gain of energy. Bonds are broken and re-formed with different nucleotides, and there is no change in the number of phosphodiester bonds, just in the covalent bonding partners. Thus, there is no net change in free energy from reactants to products.
  • none

Question 4

Question
Which of the following nuclear pre-mRNA nucleotide sequences potentially contains an intron?
Answer
  • 5'--UGACCAUGGCGCUAACACUGCCAAUUGGCCAAUACUGACCUGAUAGCAUCAGCCAA--3'
  • 5'--UAGUCUCAUCUGUCCAUUGACUUCGAAACUGAAUCGUAACUCCUACGUCUAUGGA--3'
  • 5'--UAGCUGUUUGUCAUGACUGACUGGUCACUAUCGUACUAACCUGUCAUGCAAUGUC--3'
  • 5'--UAGCAGUUCUGUCGCCUCGUGGUGCUGGCUGGCCCUUCGUCGCUCGGGCUUAGCUA--3'
  • 5'--UAGGUUCGCAUUGACGUACUUCUGAGACUACUAACUACUAACGCAUCGAGUCUCAA--3'

Question 5

Question
One of the five pre-mRNAs shown above is a likely candidate for splicing out an intron sequence. What mRNA nucleotide sequence would one expect to result from this splicing event?
Answer
  • 5'--UAGUCUCAA--3'; the putative intron from the 5' GU through the 3' AG has been removed.
  • none

Question 6

Question
Eukaryotic messenger RNA and hnRNA both have ___________ at their 3'-ends.
Answer
  • m7 G caps
  • poly(A) tails
  • hairpin structures
  • covalently bound proteins

Question 7

Question
Eukaryotic messenger RNA molecules have _______________ at their 5' ends.
Answer
  • m7 G caps
  • poly(A) tails
  • hairpin structures
  • covalently bound proteins

Question 8

Question
Eukaryotes use a variety of pathways to form 5'-m7 G caps.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
The carboxy terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II must be _______________ on Ser-5 to target a transcript for capping.
Answer
  • methylated
  • phosphorylated
  • glycosylated
  • dephosphorylated

Question 10

Question
Amino acid-coding regions within eukaryotic genes may be interrupted by ___________ regions.
Answer
  • noncoding
  • long terminal repeat
  • split gene
  • enhancer

Question 11

Question
Exons tend to be conserved during evolution, whereas introns usually are not as tightly conserved.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
Two splicing intermediates resemble ______________.
Answer
  • hairpins
  • projections
  • lariats
  • helices

Question 13

Question
_______________ permits a cell to recode genetic information in a systematic and regulated fashion.
Answer
  • Replication
  • Transcription
  • RNA editing
  • DNA repair

Question 14

Question
Pre-mRNA requires specific sequences for precise __________ to occur.
Answer
  • skipping
  • splicing
  • tagging
  • replication

Question 15

Question
A single _____________ can be processed to produce two or more different mRNA molecules.
Answer
  • tRNA
  • pre-mRNA
  • snRNP
  • ribosome

Question 16

Question
_________________ assemble to form a spliceosome, the splicing machine that excises introns.
Answer
  • rRNAs
  • snRNPs
  • tRNAs
  • Micro RNAs

Question 17

Question
What is the key component of the catalytic site of the spliceosome?
Answer
  • DNA
  • protein
  • ribisomes
  • RNA

Question 18

Question
Transcription termination takes place downstream from the _______________
Answer
  • 5'-m7 G caps
  • poly(A) site
  • promoter region
  • enhancer sequences

Question 19

Question
_________________ molecules can silence gene expression.
Answer
  • Knockout
  • Short RNA
  • Spliceosome
  • Protease

Question 20

Question
The ______________ pathway blocks mRNA translation or causes mRNA degradation.
Answer
  • spliceosome
  • miRNA
  • ribozyme
  • snRNP

Question 21

Question
Splicing begins as a cotranscriptional process and continues as a posttranscriptional process.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
One form of severe thalassemia is known to be the result of a mutation that causes abnormal RNA splicing because of a five nucleotide deletion that disrupts the first splice donor signal of the beta globin pre-mRNA. All thalassemias result in a reduced rate of synthesis of one of the globin chains (either alpha or beta globin) that make up hemoglobin. Which of the following techniques would best show the presence of the abnormal splicing in a suspected carrier of the disease?
Answer
  • Analysis to detect altered mobility of beta globin protein by electrophoresis
  • Analysis to detect decreased oxygen binding by red blood cells
  • Analysis to detect altered size of beta globin protein
  • Analysis to detect altered DNA sequence of promoter regions
  • Analysis to detect altered size of beta globin mRNA

Question 23

Question
Figure 1 represents regions around a gene encoding a mRNA. Exon I of the mRNA contains the translation initiation AUG codon. Exon IV contains the UGA termination codon. The letters A through E above the diagram refer to areas of the gene and its transcript located directly below them. Which of the lettered regions of the primary transcript is removed by a spliceosome?
Image:
44370689-fa15-46c0-a53b-7daad5c744af (image/jpg)
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E

Question 24

Question
Figure 1 represents regions around a gene encoding a mRNA. Exon I of the mRNA contains the translation initiation AUG codon. Exon IV contains the UGA termination codon. The letters A through E above the diagram refer to areas of the gene and its transcript located directly below them. What region of the DNA contains the TATA box?
Image:
162da7c5-ad3a-412e-ad87-78e79d9a73da (image/jpg)
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E

Question 25

Question
Figure 1 represents regions around a gene encoding a mRNA. Exon I of the mRNA contains the translation initiation AUG codon. Exon IV contains the UGA termination codon. The letters A through E above the diagram refer to areas of the gene and its transcript located directly below them. Where is the poly (A) tail added to the transcript?
Image:
7948463a-91b7-4580-84f6-c418e8f1d71e (image/jpg)
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E

Question 26

Question
Figure 1 represents regions around a gene encoding a mRNA. Exon I of the mRNA contains the translation initiation AUG codon. Exon IV contains the UGA termination codon. The letters A through E above the diagram refer to areas of the gene and its transcript located directly below them. Where is the 5' cap added to the transcript?
Image:
f423a27e-899d-4cf4-b2d8-07641fb7a8df (image/jpg)
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E

Question 27

Question
If you used radioactively labeled mRNA produced from the galactose operon (encodes for the galE, galT, and galK genes) as a probe in a southern blot experiment, the mRNA probe would NOT hybridize to which one of following DNA sequences?
Answer
  • The galE gene
  • The galT gene
  • The galK gene
  • The galactose operon P1 or P2 promoters
  • A bogus question. The mRNA probe would bind to each of the DNA sequences listed above

Question 28

Question
RNA interference (RNAi) is regulatory mechanism at the
Answer
  • transcriptional level.
  • post-transcriptional level.
  • translational level.
  • post-translational level.
  • genomic organization level.

Question 29

Question
The trigger for RNA interference (RNAi) is
Answer
  • double stranded DNA
  • single stranded RNA
  • double stranded RNA
  • double stranded RNA to which a single strand RNA is base paired
  • single stranded RNA with a nick

Question 30

Question
You want to clone an insert containing a gene-of-interest into a plasmid vector. Which of the following is TRUE?
Answer
  • Both the insert and plasmid must be cut with the same restriction enzyme
  • Complementary sticky ends from different DNA molecules cannot base pair
  • After ligation, the next step is transposition into a bacterial host.
  • A replication origin is required in both the plasmid and the insert.
  • More than one of the above statements (A-D) is true

Question 31

Question
For the experiment below, cDNA from kidney was labeled green, and cDNA from lung was labeled red. The probes from the two samples were mixed together and hybridized to a microarray, giving the results below. The numbers represent fluorescent intensity for genes AF. Assume that the red and green fluorescent labels give equivalent signal. kidney lung green red gene A 2,000 1,900 gene B 3,000 1,000 gene C 2,000 5,000 gene D 1,500 5,000 gene E 800 1,000 gene F 9,000 10,000 Which gene(s) would you select for study if you were interested in genes required specifically for kidney function?
Answer
  • Genes F and C
  • Genes F, A, and E
  • Gene D
  • Gene C
  • Gene B
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