Question 1
Question
What is involved in distinguishing between dangerous and non dangerous pathogens?
Answer
-
Inflammasome
-
NLRs
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Both
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Neither
Question 2
Answer
-
Pathogen association membrane proteins
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Protein assisted molecular pathway
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Pathogen associated molecular patterns
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Pathogen antigen model patterns
Question 3
Question
What does a PRR do?
Answer
-
Transport proteins around the cell
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Produces cytokines directly
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Affects gene transcription
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Recognises pathogen patterns
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Starts a signalling pathway
Question 4
Question
Which of the following is incorrect about PAMPS
Answer
-
Flagellin is the PAMP for flagellated bacteria
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Lipolysaccharides is the PAMP for Gram -ve bacteria
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Peptidoglycan is also a PAMP for Gram -ve bacteria
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Zymosan is the PAMP for fungi
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ssRNA a PAMP for viral infection
Question 5
Question
What makes an ideal PAMP?
Question 6
Question
What makes an ideal PAMP?
Question 7
Question
Why must we have a signal for pathogen vs self as well as for dangerous vs non dangerous?
Answer
-
Because if we react to self antigen our immune system attacks our own bodies
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Because many of the organisms in our body are commensals and killing them could lead to opportunistic infections
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Because two signals allow are more controlled reaction
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So that if you get one signal and not the other only a small or no response occurs. Minimises damage.
Question 8
Question
Why must we have a signal for pathogen vs self as well as for dangerous vs non dangerous?
Answer
-
Because if we react to self antigen our immune system attacks our own bodies
-
Because many of the organisms in our body are commensals and killing them could lead to opportunistic infections
-
Because two signals allow are more controlled reaction
-
So that if you get one signal and not the other only a small or no response occurs. Minimises damage.
Question 9
Question
Which are incorrect?
Answer
-
C-type lectin receptors detect fungal antigen
-
RIG-1 like Receptors recognise protozoan antigen
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Toll like receptors recognise bacterial antigen
-
NOD- like receptors recognise only bacterial antigen
Question 10
Question
What receptors recognise Candida? and what does it lead to?
Answer
-
Dectin-1 Th17 adaptive immune response
-
Dectin-2 Th17 adaptive immune response
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Mannose receptors Th17 adaptive immune response
Question 11
Question
What does mincle recognise?
Answer
-
Bacillius subtilis
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Malassezia spp and trehalose dimycolate from M.tuberculosis.
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Clostridium spp C.difficile, C.tetani and C.botulinum
-
Protozoa
Question 12
Question
What is the outcome of TLR signalling?
Question 13
Question
Which is incorrect?
Answer
-
RLRs signal outcomes are inflammatory cytokines esp IFNs
-
CLRs Signal outcomes are Tcell stimulating cytokines esp IL-17
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NLRs signal outcomes are Inflammatory cytokines IL-2
Question 14
Question
Where do you find NOD like receptors?
Answer
-
In a vesicle
-
In the cytosol
-
In the membrane
-
In the lymph node
Question 15
Question
Which is correct?
Answer
-
NOD1 recognises G -ve bacteria
-
NOD2 recognises all bacteria
-
NOD proteins recognise danger and viruses
-
There is more NOD in epithelial cells
-
NOD is also in APCs
-
NOD2 recognises only gram +ve bacteria
-
NOD1 recognises fungi
-
Nod proteins recognise danger and protozoa
Question 16
Question
Which of these are acute inflammatory cytokines?
Answer
-
IL-1, IL-7, IL-17
-
IL-1, IL-8, IL-18
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IL-1, IL-2, IL17
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IL-1, TFNbeta, IL-3
Question 17
Question
What is the role of NFKB?
Answer
-
To compete for binding of CD28 with CD80.
-
A link between PRR and transcription.
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A mediator of acute inflammation
-
A anti inflammatory cytokine
Question 18
Question
What type of inflammasome responds to all bacterial stimuli and is the one we learnt?
Question 19
Question
What is a danger signal?
Question 20
Question
What are these proteins part of? Cardinal, Asc and caspase?
Answer
-
The inflammasome
-
MHCI
-
MHCII
-
TCR
Question 21
Question
Why is the inflammasome a target for medicine?
Question 22
Question
What are adjuvants?
Question 23
Answer
-
An auto immune disease?
-
The build up of uric acid crystals
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Excessive inflammation due to signal 2 being activated
-
IL-1Ralpha used as an antagonist to treat
Question 24
Question
What is the name of this disorder? IL-1 and IL-18 are produced, mice with this deficiency for NLRP3 have poor inflammasome development. IL-18 is used in gut function to mediate gut repair
Question 25
Question
What is an antigen?
Answer
-
Something a Tcells and Bcell receptors recognise
-
Broken down macromolecules specific to foreign organisms
-
Something that directly stimulates Tcells to become different subsets
-
Something that indicates self antigen
Question 26
Question
What is an immunogen and an epitote?
Answer
-
Immunogen - antigen that initiates immune system
Epitote - part of the antigen that binds to TCR/BCR
-
Immunogen - part of the antigen that binds to TCR/BCR
Epitote - antigen that initiates immune system
Question 27
Question
How many genes does the human genome have?
Question 28
Question
How many different Tcell and Bcell receptors do we have as humans?