Quiz
Forage Exam 3
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Questions in this quiz (102)
1Which is more digestible?
- ACool season grasses
- BWarm season grasses
2Which is more digestible?
- ACool season annual grasses
- BCool season perennial grasses
3Which is more digestible?
- ATifton 85
- BBermuda-grass
4Which is more digestible?
- ABrown rib millet
- BPearl millet
5Which is more digestible?
- ALegumes
- BGrasses
6Which is more digestible?
- ALeaves
- BStems
7Which is more digestible?
- AStems in the upper canopy of the plant
- BStems in the lower canopy of the plant
8Which is more digestible?
- AYoung green leaves
- BDead leaves
9Which is more digestible?
- AWarm and cool season perennial species in spring
- BWarm and cool season perennial species in mid-summer
10Which is more digestible?
- AWarm and cool season perennial species in mid-summer
- BWarm and cool season perennial species in fall
11Which is more digestible?
- AAlfalfa in cool weather
- BAlfalfa in summer weather
12The [blank_start]hotter[blank_end] the temperature the [blank_start]faster[blank_end] the plant goes through [blank_start]lignification[blank_end].
- Ahotter
- Bfaster
- Clignification
13[blank_start]Sodseeding[blank_end] is the general term used to describe the practice of establishing forage crops into perennial, grass dominant, hay and/or pasture. Usually accomplished with a no-till grain drill or broadcasting seed.
- ASodseeding
14What are ways that sod-seeding is usually done?
- ANo-till grain drill
- BBroadcasting seed
- CTiller
15The establishment of legumes such as clover or alfalfa into tall fescue is usually practiced where?
- AUpper south
- BLower south
16Cool season annual grasses (ryegrass, rye, oats, wheat) and/or leagues (clover) planted into dormant perennial warm season grass sods (bahiagrass, bermudagrass) if primarily done where?
- AUpper south
- BLower south
17What are some benefits of multiple species pastures/hayfields?
- AHigher forage yield per pasture/field
- BImproved forage quality
- CNitrogen fiaxtion
- DLonger growing season in pasture/field
- ELower forage yield per pasture/field
- FAverage forage quality
- GNitrogen leaching
- HShorter growing season
18[blank_start]Legumes[blank_end] typically have higher protein and are more digestible.
- ALegumes
19What are the benefits to sod-seeding?
- ASoil conservation
- BTime
- CFuel
- DMoisture
20What are the sod-seeding principles?
- AFertility
- BReduce existing vegetation
- CUse high quality seed
- DInoculate legumes with correct bacterial strain
- EPlant at correct time with correct seeding rate
- FInsure soil contact
- GControl competition from existing vegetation
- HControl pests
21[blank_start]Grazing[blank_end] and [blank_start]mowing[blank_end] are ways to control competition from existing vegetation.
- AGrazing
- Bmowing
22[blank_start]Forage quality[blank_end] refers to the ability of a forage to support desired levels of animal performance.
- AForage quality
23Forage quality is a function of [blank_start]voluntary intake[blank_end] and [blank_start]nutritive value[blank_end].
- Avoluntary intake
- Bnutritive value
24Palatability refers to the [blank_start]appeal[blank_end] and [blank_start]acceptability[blank_end] of feedstuffs to an animal.
- Aappeal
- Bacceptability
25Crude protein represents the total [blank_start]nitrogen[blank_end] content in the diet ([blank_start]true protein[blank_end] as well as [blank_start]non-protein nitrogen[blank_end]).
- Anitrogen
- Btrue protein
- Cnon-protein nitrogen
26[blank_start]N[blank_end] X 6.25 = CP
- AN
27[blank_start]Digestible energy[blank_end] provides an indication of the total amount of energy from a feed that can be available fore use by the animal.
- ADigestible energy
28Non starch carbohydrates are simple carbs such as [blank_start]starches[blank_end] and [blank_start]sugars[blank_end] that can be [blank_start]rapidly[blank_end] and [blank_start]easily[blank_end] digested by the animal.
- Astarches
- Bsugars
- Crapidly
- Deasily
29[blank_start]Cellulose[blank_end] are major structural carbs present in plant cell walls.
- ACellulose
30Cellulose is [blank_start]utilized[blank_end] by rumen microbes.
- Autilized
31Hemi-cellulose is more digestible than [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] but less [blank_start]digestible[blank_end] than starches and sugars.
- Acellulose
- Bdigestible
32[blank_start]Lignin[blank_end] is a major structural component found in plant cell walls and is [blank_start]undigestible[blank_end].
- ALignin
- Bundigestible
33As [blank_start]lignin[blank_end] in the plant increases, [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] digestion decreases.
- Alignin
- Bcellulose
34Total digestible nutrients (TDN) is the measure of [blank_start]energy[blank_end] value in a feed.
- Aenergy
35Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is a close estimate of the amount of total [blank_start]fiber[blank_end] in a feedstuff.
- Afiber
36NDF is generally composed of [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end], [blank_start]hemicellulose[blank_end], and [blank_start]lignin[blank_end].
- Acellulose
- Bhemicellulose
- Clignin
37Acid detergent fiber (ADF) is the least [blank_start]digestible fiber[blank_end] portion of a forage.
- Adigestible fiber
38ADF includes [blank_start]lignin[blank_end] and [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end].
- Alignin
- Bcellulose
39TDN = [blank_start]total digestible nutrients[blank_end]
- Atotal digestible nutrients
40NDF = [blank_start]neutral detergent fiber[blank_end]
- Aneutral detergent fiber
41ADF = [blank_start]acid detergent fiber[blank_end]
- Aacid detergent fiber
42[blank_start]Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[blank_end] (NIRS) rapidly and reproductively measures the chemical composition of a feed sample.
- ANear infrared reflectance spectroscopy
43[blank_start]NIRS[blank_end] is based on the fact that each of the major chemical components of a sample has a characteristic near infrared light absorption.
- ANIRS
44[blank_start]NIRS[blank_end] = near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
- ANIRS
45Relative feed value is used to compare the potential of two or more like forages on the basis of [blank_start]energy intake[blank_end].
- Aenergy intake
46RFV = [blank_start]relative feed value[blank_end]
- Arelative feed value
47RFV of 100 is equivalent to...
- AFull bloom alfalfa
- BHalf bloom alfalfa
- CFull bloom crimson clover
- DFull bloom white clover
48What is RFV based on?
- ANDF
- BADF
- CNIRS
- DTDN
49What is NDF an indicator of?
- AForage intake
- BDigestibility
- CFeed value
50What is ADF an indicator of?
- AForage intake
- BDigestibility
- CFeed value
51RFQ of 100 is equal to?
- AFull bloom alfalfa
- BFull bloom white clover
- CFull bloom millet
- DFull bloom red clover
52RFQ takes into account what?
- ADMI
- BTDN
- CRVF
- DADF
- ENDF
53DMI = [blank_start]dry matter intake[blank_end]
- Adry matter intake
54RFQ = [blank_start]relative forage quality[blank_end]
- Arelative forage quality
55If the RFQ is higher it is also what?
- AMore nutritious
- BMore valuable
- CLess valuable
- DLess nutritious
56What factors affect forage quality?
- APlant species
- BPlant parts
- CClimate
- DStage of maturity
- EFertilization
- FDiurnal Fluctuations
57Certain species of plants posses certain compounds that interfere with [blank_start]digestibility[blank_end].
- Adigestibility
58Drought stress may [blank_start]improve[blank_end] digestibility.
- Aimprove
59Stage of maturity has greater effect on [blank_start]nutritive[blank_end] value than any other factor.
- Anutritive
60[blank_start]Lignification[blank_end] of cell wall occurs with maturity. the more mature the more lignin if found in the cell wall.
- ALignification
61With maturity: [blank_start]yield[blank_end] increases but [blank_start]quality[blank_end] decreases
- Ayield
- Bquality
62White clover is digestible for longer because of what?
- ALack of true stems
- BProminent true stems
63Which is more digestible for longer?
- AArrow-leaf clover
- BCrimson clover
64Nitrogen generally has little effect on what?
- ADigestibility
- BQuality
- CRFV
- DADF
65[blank_start]Diurnal fluctuations[blank_end] is where soluble carbohydrates build up in the plant during [blank_start]daylight[blank_end]. Plants use those soluble carbohydrates over night.
- ADiurnal fluctuations
- Bdaylight
661/2 inch of rain decreases TDN by what?
- A3.5%
- B5.5%
- C20.2%
- D10.8%
671 inch of rain will decrease TDN by what?
- A5%
- B10%
- C14%
- D3.5%
68If hay is left uncut each day after 4 weeks TDN will drop [blank_start]0.5%[blank_end] per day.
- A0.5%
69How should hay be orientated for all day sun exposure?
- ANorth to South
- BEast to West
70Soil compaction is a reduction in pore space therefore, it also...
- ADecreases soil volume
- BDecreases porosity
- CIncreases bulk density
- Dincreases soil volume
- EIncreases porosity
- FDecreases bulk density
71[blank_start]Surface[blank_end] compaction = compaction that occurs in the surface "plow layer"
- ASurface
72[blank_start]Subsurface[blank_end]/[blank_start]subsoil[blank_end] compaction = compaction that occurs below the plow layer
- ASubsurface
- Bsubsoil
73What is the equation for bulk density?
- ABulk density = Ms/Vt
- BBulk density = Vt/Ms
- CBulk density = Vv/Vt
- DBulk density = Vt/Vv
74What is the equation for porosity?
- APorosity = Vv/Vt
- BPorosity = Vt/Vv
- CPorosity = Ms/Vt
- DPorosity = Vt/Ms
75Reduction in pore space and reduction in yield are effects of [blank_start]compaction[blank_end].
- Acompaction
76Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in water issues. Check all that apply to water issues.
- ALow infiltration
- BPoor drainage
- CPoor water holding capacity
- DErosion
- ERunoff
77Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in plant development issues. Check all that apply to plant development issues.
- AIncreased resistance to root penetration
- BEmergence issues
- CReduction in nutiient uptake
- DPoor drainage
- ERunoff
- FErosion
78What are the 3 main causes of compaction?
- AEquipment traffic
- BLivestock traffic
- CTillage operations
- DHuman traffic
- ENaturally occurring compaction
- FWind erosion
79Total axle load, contact pressure between the tire and soil, and soil moisture affects what type of compaction?
- ASurface compaction
- BSubsoil compaction
80Greater axle load and wet soil conditions [blank_start]increases[blank_end] depth of compaction
- Aincreases
81Check all that apply to livestock traffic.
- ARepeated pressure in heavy traffic areas
- BStocking rates
- CRotation
- DShallow compaction
- EDeep compaction
82Continuous plowing or disking at the same depth causes [blank_start]hardpans[blank_end] just below the depth of tillage.
- Ahardpans
83To manage compaction with equipment traffic what should be done to decrease the depth of soil compaction?
- AIncrease number of tires
- BDecrease number of tires
84Proper rotation of livestock can prevent soil compaction as well as reduce [blank_start]erosion[blank_end] in high traffic areas.
- Aerosion
85[blank_start]Tillage[blank_end] depth should vary from year-to-year to reduce chances of hardpan development.
- ATillage
86What is used to measure soil compaction?
- APentrometer
- BYard stick
- CScale
- DRuler
87Penetrometers are supposed to mimic [blank_start]plant roots[blank_end].
- Aplant roots
88A dynamic penetrometer does what?
- AMoves
- BStays stationary
89A static penetrometer does what?
- AStays stationary
- BMoves
90What does a penetrometer use to measure soil compaction?
- AThe resistance to root penetration
- BThe depth you can physically go into the soil
- CThe moisture content of the soil
- DThe amount of sand, soil, or clay in the soil
91The depth at which penetrations falls below [blank_start]300[blank_end] psi is recorded by the penetrometer.
- A300
92What is a "lot" of hay defined as?
- AA single cutting, a single field and variety, and generally less then 200 tons
- BA random pull from different fields less than 200 tons
- CA square bale of hay
- DA round bale of hay
93How many cores should be pulled from each lot?
- A20
- B40
- C10
- D5
94How much hay should be submitted for analysis?
- A1/2 lb.
- B1 lb.
- C3 lbs.
- D1.5 lbs.
95What length of probe should be used to collect samples?
- A12''- 24''
- B24''- 36''
- C10''- 20''
- D25''- 48''
96What diameter of probe should be used to collect the cores?
- A3/8 - 3/4 "
- B1/2 - 3''
- C1/4 - 1''
- D2 - 3''
97What are the reasons for having forage sampled?
- ADetermine forage quality
- BIdentify imbalances, deficiencies, and toxicities in the forage
- CTell the producer if their soil management technique is working
- DEstablish forage value $$$
98The most limiting factor in the forage is the amount of what that the animal consumes?
- AThe amount of digestible energy
- BThe amount of protein
- CThe amount of minerals
- DThe amount of vitamins
- EThe amount of water
99A high quality forage is one that contains large concentrations of what?
- ADigestible nutrients
- BProtein
- CMinerals
- DVitamins
100What is the southeastern categorization RFQ value for Choice hay?
- A140-160 RFQ
- B90-110 RFQ
- C110-140 RFQ
- D160-180 RFQ
101What is the southeastern categorization RFQ for standard hay?
- A90-110 RFQ
- B140-160 RFQ
- C120-140 RFQ
- D70-90 RFQ
102In the southeastern hay contest held annually in conjunction with the Sunbelt Ag Expo, samples can be thrown out due to too high levels of what two items?
- AMoisture and nitrate
- BNitrate and potassium
- CMoisture and potassium
- DPotassium and phosphorus
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- Exam 3
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- marissaellenking
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