respiratory system

What are the 3 functions of the respiratory system? 1. [blank_start]O2 supply[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]CO2 elimination[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]acid/base balance[blank_end]

Which of the following is the bicarbonate equation (note <------> is the symbol for a reversible reaction):

The [blank_start]hilus[blank_end] is the point of attachment for the lungs.

The right heart takes blood from the [blank_start]systemic[blank_end] circuit and pumps it into the [blank_start]pulmonary[blank_end] circuit.

The left heart takes blood from the [blank_start]pulmonary[blank_end] circuit and pumps it into the [blank_start]systemic[blank_end] circuit.

List all the structures through which air passes from the nostrils to the alveoli. [blank_start]Nostrils[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]vestibule[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]posterior nares[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]nasopharynx[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]oropharynx[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]laryngopharynx[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]larynx (voice box)[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]trachea[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]primary bronchi[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]secondary bronchi[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]tertiary bronchi[blank_end] ------> [blank_start]bronchioles (2 kinds)[blank_end] ------>[blank_start]alveoli[blank_end]

Most of the gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the:

The outer covering of the lung is called the [blank_start]visceral[blank_end] pleura

Although the lungs are only attached to the body at the [blank_start]hilus[blank_end], the lungs fill the volume provided in the thoracic cavity because of [blank_start]negative[blank_end] [blank_start]intrapleural[blank_end] [blank_start]pressure.[blank_end]

The inverse relationship between pressure and volume is who's law?

The purpose in the cartilaginous rings in the trachea are:

Most of the resistance in the respiratory system is found in the intrapleural space and thus it is filled with fluid to ease this problem.

Alveolar pressure is [blank_start]sub-atmospheric[blank_end] during inspiration.

The principal muscles of expiration are:

The muscles between the ribs are the [blank_start]intercostals[blank_end]

place the appropriate type of intercostal muscle with it's correct type of action: Inspiration ------> [blank_start]external intercostal[blank_end] Expiration ------> [blank_start]internal intercostal[blank_end]

Match the following terms correctly: [blank_start]pneumothorax[blank_end] ------> air into the intrapleural space [blank_start]hydrothorax[blank_end] ------> water into the intrapleural space [blank_start]hemothorax[blank_end] ------> blood into the intrapleural space [blank_start]pleurisy[blank_end] ------> pain associated with inflammation of the pleura, friction rub [blank_start]air/liquid interface -[blank_end]-----> where air and water meet

The pressure in small soap bubbles is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] than the pressure in large bubbles made of the same soap solution?

How many air/liquid interfaces are there in a soap bubble?

Which of the following plays a role in stabilizing alveoli of different sizes and decreases surface tension?

Indicate if the effect of the variable indicated on diffusion rate would be direct or inverse: increased concentration gradient ------> [blank_start]direct[blank_end] increased molecular size ------> [blank_start]inverse[blank_end] increased diffusion distance ------> [blank_start]inverse[blank_end] increased surface area ------> [blank_start]direct[blank_end] increased temperature ------> [blank_start]direct[blank_end]

It is Boyle's Law that explains why it is so hard to get inflation started when blowing up a balloon?

Indicate the effect of the variable on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and if the effect will favor O2 loading or unloading: Increased temperature

Indicate the effect of the variable on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and if the effect will favor O2 loading or unloading: increased CO2

Indicate the effect of the variable on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and if the effect will favor O2 loading or unloading: decreased pH

Hyperventilation results in an [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] in blood CO2.

Hyperventilation results in an [blank_start]increase[blank_end] in blood pH.

Most CO2 transported in the blood is transported as [blank_start]bicarbonate[blank_end] ions.

[blank_start]CO2[blank_end] dissolves more easily in water.

In terrestrial vertebraes the primary regulated variable in respiration is [blank_start]O2[blank_end].

In aquatic vertebrates the primary regulated variable in respiration is [blank_start]CO2[blank_end].

A pH of 10 is [blank_start]1000[blank_end] times more [blank_start]base[blank_end] than a pH of 7.

Adding acid to water generally [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the pH.