Quiz
Phylogeny Chapter 20
Create a free account to finish this quiz
Save your progress and see your final score.
Already have an account? Sign in
Questions in this quiz (24)
1The legless condition that is observed in several groups of extant reptiles is the result of
- Aseveral instances of the legless condition arising independently of each other.
- Btheir common ancestor having been legless.
- Ca shared adaptation to an arboreal (living in trees) lifestyle.
- Dindividual lizards adapting to a fossorial (living in burrows) lifestyle during their lifetimes.
2If organisms A, B, and C belong to the same class but to different orders and if organisms D, E, and F belong to the same order but to different families, which of the following pairs of organisms would be expected to show the greatest degree of structural homology?
- AD and F
- BA and C
- CA and B
- DB and D
- EC and F
3The best classification system is that which most closely
- Areflects evolutionary history.
- Breflects the basic separation of prokaryotes from eukaryotes.
- Cunites organisms that possess similar morphologies.
- Dconforms to traditional, Linnaean taxonomic practices.
4Which of the following are the best examples of homologous structures?
- Abones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb
- Bowl wing and hornet wing
- Ceyelessness in the Australian mole and eyelessness in the North American mole
- Dbat wing and bird wing
5Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae). Consequently, the morphological similarities of these two species are probably due to
- Ainheritance of acquired characteristics.
- Bpossession of shared primitive characters.
- Csexual selection.
- Dinheritance of shared derived characters.
- Epossession of analogous structures.
6The importance of computers and of computer software to modern cladistics is most closely linked to advances in
- Amolecular genetics
- Bradiometric dating
- Clight microscopy
- DLinnaean classification
- Efossil discovery techniques
7The common ancestors of birds and mammals were very early (stem) reptiles, which almost certainly possessed three-chambered hearts (two atria, one ventricle). Birds and mammals, however, are alike in having four-chambered hearts (two atria, two ventricles). The four-chambered hearts of birds and mammals are best described as
- Astructural homologies
- Bvestiges
- Chomoplasies
- Dmolecular homologies
- Ethe result of shared ancestry
8When using a cladistic approach to systematics, which of the following is considered most important for classification?
- Athe number of homoplasies
- Bshared primitive characters
- Canalogous primitive characters
- Dshared derived characters
- Eoverall phenotypic similarity
9Cladograms (a type of phylogenetic tree) constructed from evidence from molecular systematics are based on similarities in
- Amorphology.
- Bthe pattern of embryological development.
- Cbiochemical pathways.
- Dhabitat and lifestyle choices.
- Emutations to homologous genes
10A phylogenetic tree constructed using sequence differences in mitochondrial DNA would be most valid for discerning the evolutionary relatedness of
- Amosses and ferns.
- Barchaeans and bacteria.
- Cfungi and animals.
- Dchimpanzees and humans.
- Esharks and dolphins
11The most important feature that permits a gene to act as a molecular clock is
- Ahaving a large number of base pairs.
- Bhaving a larger proportion of exonic DNA than of intronic DNA
- Chaving a reliable average rate of mutation.
- Dits recent origin by a gene-duplication event.
- Eits being acted upon by natural selection.
12Which of these would, if it had acted upon a gene, prevent this gene from acting as a reliable molecular clock?
- Aneutral mutations
- Bgenetic drift
- Cmutations within introns
- Dnatural selection
- Emost substitution mutations involving an exonic codon's third position
13When it acts upon a gene, which of the following processes consequently makes that gene an accurate molecular clock?
- Atranscription
- Bdirectional natural selection
- Cmutation
- Dproofreading
- Ereverse transcription
14What kind of evidence has recently made it necessary to assign the prokaryotes to either of two different domains, rather than assigning all prokaryotes to the same kingdom?
- Amolecular
- Bbehavioral
- Cnutritional
- Danatomical
- Eecological
15Which kingdom has been replaced with two domains?
- APlantae
- BFungi
- CAnimalia
- DProtista
- EMonera
16Which extinct species should be the best candidate to serve as the outgroup for the clade whose common ancestor occurs at position 2 in Figure 26.1?
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
17If you were using cladistics to build a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be the best outgroup?
- Alion
- Bdomestic cat
- Cwolf
- Dleopard
- Etiger
18Traditionally, whales and hippopotamuses have been classified in different orders, the Cetacea and the Artiodactyla, respectively. Recent molecular evidence, however, indicates that the whales' closest living relatives are the hippos. This has caused some zoologists to lump the two orders together into a single clade, the Cetartiodactyla. There is no consensus on whether the Cetartiodactyla should be accorded order status or superorder status. This is because it remains unclear whether the whale lineage diverged from the lineage leading to the hippos before or after the other members of the order Artiodactyla (pigs, camels, etc.) diverged (see Figure 26.2).
Figure 26.2 contrasts the "Within the artiodactyls" origin of the whale lineage with the "Without the artiodactyls" origin of the whale lineage
Placing whales and hippos in the same clade means
- Athat these organisms are phenotypically more similar to each other than to any others shown on the trees in Figure 26.2.
- Bthat their morphological similarities are probably homoplasies.
- Cthat they had a common ancestor.
- Dthat all three of the responses are correct.
- Ethat two of the responses are correct.
19Humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans are members of a clade called the great apes, which shared a common ancestor about 18 million years ago (Figure 26.4). Gibbons and siamangs comprise a clade called the lesser apes. Tree-branch lengths indicate elapsed time.
The great apes comprise the family Hominidae, whereas the lesser apes comprise the family Hylobatidae. If the extant organisms on the far right side of Figure 26.5 comprise the next-most exclusive (i.e., specific) taxon, then they comprise different- Asubspecies.
- Bspecies.
- Cgenuses.
- Dgenera.
- Eorders.
20The relative lengths of the frog and the mouse branches in the phylogenetic tree in the figure given indicate that...
- Athe genes of the frogs and the mice have only coincidental homoplasies
- Bthe homolog has evolved more slowly in mice
- Cmice evolved before frogs
- Dthe homolog has evolved more rapidly in mice
- Efrogs evolved before mice
21The next question refer to the following table, which compares the % sequence homology of four different parts (two introns and two exons) of a gene that is found in five different eukaryotic species. Each part is numbered to indicate its distance from the promoter (e.g., Intron I is the one closest to the promoter). The data reported for species A were obtained by comparing DNA from one member of species A to another member of species A.
Based on the tabular data, and assuming that time advances vertically, which cladogram (a type of phylogenetic tree) is the most likely depiction of the evolutionary relationships among these five species?
- A
- B
- C
- D
- A
22To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree,
- Achoose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable.
- Bchoose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible.
- Cbase phylogenetic trees only on the fossil record, as this provides the simplest explanation for evolution.
- Dchoose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either in DNA sequences or morphology.
- Echoose the tree with the fewest branch points.
23In the figure shown below, which similarly inclusive taxon descended from the same common ancestor ans Canidae?
- ACanis
- BMustelidae
- CFelidae
- DLutra
- ECarnivora
24Based on the tree below, which statement is not correct?
- ALizards are more closely related to salamaders than to humans
- Bthe group highlighted by shading is paraphyletic
- CSalamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans.
- DThe salamander lineage is a basal taxon.
Information
- Description
- AP Biology Phylogeny Chapter 20
- Author
- Niat L
- Language
- English
- Views
- 2,164
- Tags
- Rating
- No ratings yet Rate this quiz