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Perspectives on Prejudice

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social saved (Finished ) Quiz on Perspectives on Prejudice, created by murat sertay on 15/08/2016.
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Question 1

Question
Stereotypes are:
Answer
  • Underlying cognitive structures or schemas that shape our judgments of other people or groups
  • Overt cognitive influences or schemas that circulate around society that underestimate the processes of others

Question 2

Question
Stereotypes ar judgements that are used to:
Answer
  • Make quicker decisions
  • Make slower, more methodical decisions

Question 3

Question
Can stereotypes be used to imply judgement?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 4

Question
Katz and Brady (1933) measured the ethnic stereotypes held by a group of college undergraduates. It was replicated later by other researchers (Gilbert, 1951; Karlins, Coffman & Walters, 1969). What were they called?
Answer
  • Princeton Trilogy Studies
  • Penn State Trilogy Studies
  • Connecticut Symposium

Question 5

Question
Was the Katz and Brady (1933) longitudinal?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 6

Question
The stereotypes used by the college undergraduates in the Katz and Brady (1933) study were:
Answer
  • Very, very broad (eg, including themselves in the stereotypes)
  • Very, very narrow (eg, African-Americans)

Question 7

Question
Madon (et al., 2001) found the stereotypes used in the Katz and Brady (1933) study were:
Answer
  • Racist
  • Outdated
  • Impossible to research into

Question 8

Question
Discursive research looks at how:
Answer
  • Our use of language contributes to constructing prejudice
  • Our use of cognition contributes to constructing prejudice
  • The use of ourselves is contributable to constructing prejudice

Question 9

Question
Do the findings from the Karlins, Coffman and Walters (1969), as well as the Madon (et al., 2001) studies show that stereotypes are fluid - that they change over time?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 10

Question
The changes in stereotypes relate to:
Answer
  • Individual cognitions
  • Ancestral stereotypes that are passed down
  • Socio-political events (eg, World War II, Vietnam war, Afghan war)

Question 11

Question
Changes in stereotypes that are influenced by socio-political events are typically about:
Answer
  • The majority group (eg, the government being oppressed by its people)
  • The minority group (discriminated against for no reason)

Question 12

Question
Do stereotypes operate on an individual level?
Answer
  • Yes, they are individual and independent cognitions
  • No, they are linked to socio-political events and circulate around society

Question 13

Question
Do we need ideological analysis according to Billig (1985, 2002) to analyse how stereotypes are motivated?
Answer
  • Yes, because without context there is little to use to find out causality
  • No, we don't need it

Question 14

Question
There are normative ideas, constructions or content that are widespread in cultures (eg, Muslims in the United States) that are used to promote particular power structures. These are:
Answer
  • Ideologies
  • Constructions
  • Representations

Question 15

Question
In 1881, the ideology of the Irish people by British was that:
Answer
  • The Irish are backwards, uncivilised and dangerous who could harm the British empire
  • The Irish are eccentric - though still a little backwards - but better than before, and we can reform relations with them again

Question 16

Question
In the present, the ideology of the Irish people by the British is that:
Answer
  • They are backwards, uncivilised and dangerous, and can harm the British empire
  • They are eccentric - although still a little backwards - and we can reform relations with them

Question 17

Question
Stereotype content research (Karlins, Coffman & Walters, 1969; Madon, et al., 2001) mentions broad features on context. But can stereotypes vary enormously between groups (eg, African Americans and Latin Americans)?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 18

Question
What has more recent stereotype content focused on?
Answer
  • Racism
  • Gender stereotypes
  • Genetics

Question 19

Question
Can the constructions of prejudice, including context, also vary depending on local interactional content (eg, stereotypes) according to Billig (1985, 2002)?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 20

Question
Would stereotype content between two neighbours talking across a fence be different if one of the neighbour's granddaughters - who is anti-racism - was present?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 21

Question
According to Billig (1985, 2002), does the construction of prejudice differ across the same person depending on the argumentative context of which they find themselves in? For example, talking to someone who shares (eg, a family member) the same views compared to someone who might not (eg, a stranger).
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 22

Question
A survey respondent who holds prejudicial constructions:
Answer
  • May need to defend their views
  • May not need to defend their views because it might not be necessary

Question 23

Question
Two neighbours may agree with each other, therefore:
Answer
  • They would have to change their prejudicial constructions
  • They would not need to change their prejudicial constructions, because there is no one to challenge them

Question 24

Question
Two neighbours may (or may not) need to defend their prejudiced talk if someone (eg, an anti-racist granddaughter).
Answer
  • May need to because she is anti-racist
  • May not need to, because the granddaughter might accept it as well

Question 25

Question
According to Billig (2002), is prejudice constructed as an individual cognitve event in the head?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 26

Question
"I'm not anti them at all you know. I, if they're willing to get on and be like us; but they're just going to come here, just to be able to use our social welfares and stuff like that, then why don't they stay at home?" (Potter & Wetherell, 1987). What does this talk use?
Answer
  • A rationalisation
  • An explanation
  • A disclaimer

Question 27

Question
"I'm not a racist/sexist/homophobe, but" is ...
Answer
  • A disclaimer
  • An extinction
  • A rationalisation

Question 28

Question
Billig (1985, 2002) has conducted a wealth of research into claims that are treated as obvious and universally acceptable. What are they called?
Answer
  • Rhetorical commonplaces
  • Representational commonplaces
  • Indiscriminate commonplaces

Question 29

Question
An example of Billig's assertions of universally acceptable claims is politicians that say:
Answer
  • "National interest"
  • "National rhetoric"
  • "National divide"

Question 30

Question
Billig (1991) noted an article by National Front that said: "Dare we say it - it is they, not we, who are prejudiced?". First, it tries to:
Answer
  • Defend against accusations of prejudice
  • Support accusations of prejudice

Question 31

Question
Billig (1991) noted an article by National Front that said: "Dare we say it - it is they, not we, who are prejudiced?". Second, it tries to:
Answer
  • Accuse themselves of prejudice
  • Accuse others of prejudice

Question 32

Question
Irish gay rights activist and drag queen Fanti was threatened with legal action in 2014 for calling anti-gay marriage activists "homophobic". What is this?
Answer
  • An example of prejudiced constructions being defended by accusing others
  • An example of prejudiced constructions being supported by accusing oneself

Question 33

Question
Has the discursive approach into stereotypes used enough interactional sequential context?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 34

Question
Conversation analysis removes the interactional and sequential context in prejudice research and looks at standalone talk. According to Condor (et al., 2006), do we need sequential context?
Answer
  • Yes, because we can then avoid making misplaced suppositions about what the prejudiced talk is actually being used to do
  • No, because standalone talk is fine enough

Question 35

Question
In the Condor (et al., 2006), Mrs. A's right to carry on speaking on the topic is because:
Answer
  • No one challenges her on her prejudicial talk
  • She is still talking, so it's considered rude

Question 36

Question
How is the potential competitive or challenging talk from Mr. B welcomed by Mrs. A in the Condor (et al., 2006) study?
Answer
  • Unwelcoming, a disturbance
  • Welcomed, because it offers a debate

Question 37

Question
Is it easy or difficult to obtain authentic recorded examples of prejudice conversations in everyday talk?
Answer
  • Easy, because it's all around us
  • Hard, because there are ethical boundaries

Question 38

Question
We can only obtain:
Answer
  • Nuanced and unexpected findings regarding prejudiced talk in interaction from everyday talk
  • Research from interviews where everyday talk will have elements of prejudice

Question 39

Question
In the Condor (et al., 2006) study, is Cliff - the researcher - still part of the study? Do participants still respond to him and his actions (including silence) in the talk?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 40

Question
Do we need more data of prejudiced talk in everyday interactions?
Answer
  • Yes, so that participants talk like they would regardless of whether research is involved
  • No, because inauthentic research can be just as productive

Question 41

Question
From a cognitive social psychology perspective, does discursive research sufficiently articulate the cognitive processes and causes relate to prejudice?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 42

Question
The findings from the discursive approach inform what type of psychology about research into prejudice? For example, how prejudice talk treats itself as a potentially sanctionable activity, how prejudiced talk constructs versions of the denigrated other, and how prejudiced talk is produced collaboratively).
Answer
  • Cognitive social psychology
  • Cognitive behavioural psychology
  • Biology

Question 43

Question
According to Billig (2002), is the hatred separate from the discourse?
Answer
  • No, because you need to believe it and to utter sorts of particular things about others
  • Yes, because they are separate

Question 44

Question
According to Allport (1954), intergroup conflict under the right conditions would:
Answer
  • Heighten intergroup hostility and lead to more negative intergroup attitudes
  • Lessen intergroup hostility and lead to more positive intergroup attitudes

Question 45

Question
Pettigrew and Troop (2006) in their meta-analysis found that intergroup contact generally:
Answer
  • Reduces prejudice
  • Heightens prejudice

Question 46

Question
Does the contact theory generalise characteristics of one group member to an entire population of the said group?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 47

Question
Can the contact theory be extended broadly (eg, racial groups, ethnic groups)?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 48

Question
Brown and Hewstone (2005) found intergroup contact to be the most successful when:
Answer
  • Group memberships are explicit and well-known
  • Group memberships are salient

Question 49

Question
Brown and Hewstone (2005) found that the potential for interpersonal relationships is high when:
Answer
  • Group membership is salient
  • Group membership is overt and well-known

Question 50

Question
According to Pettigrew and Troop (2006) can prejudice be reduced through vicarious experiences (eg, through friends and family) and no contact with outgroup members occurs?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 51

Question
Crisp and Turner (2009) found that "positively toned imagined contact"
Answer
  • Deteriorated outgroup attitudes, increased stereotyping, intergroup anxiety, and was far too complex
  • Improved outgroup attitudes, reduced stereotyping, as well as intergroup anxiety by being simple and effective

Question 52

Question
Are there demand characteristics in the Crisp and Turner (2009) research?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No, because it reduces implicit attitudes as well

Question 53

Question
Is there stereotype priming in the Crisp and Turner (2009) research?
Answer
  • No
  • Yes, but a control group were primed did not show similar effects

Question 54

Question
Can Fanti the gay rights activist live with Mary in Wicklow?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No
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