Patho Final

Description

Patho Quiz on Patho Final, created by Nicole Buda on 22/08/2016.
Nicole Buda
Quiz by Nicole Buda, updated more than 1 year ago
Nicole Buda
Created by Nicole Buda over 7 years ago
27
1

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Acronym for early stroke awareness
Answer
  • FUN
  • FACE
  • FAST
  • RACE

Question 2

Question
What does the 'F' in FAST stand for?
Answer
  • Face
  • Fast Response
  • False
  • Finish a sentence

Question 3

Question
Movement of arms like a 'C' inward toward spinal cord is called:
Answer
  • decerebrate
  • 'C'eizure
  • decorticate
  • muscle spasms

Question 4

Question
A transient ischemic attack or 'TIA' usually
Answer
  • lasts 2-3 hours
  • has permanent effects
  • lasts less than 1 hour
  • due to hemorrhage

Question 5

Question
Hemiplegia describes paralysis involving
Answer
  • unilateral side of body
  • lower extremeties
  • all four extremeties
  • muscles of the mouth

Question 6

Question
Clinical manifestations of CVA include:
Answer
  • HTN, dysphagia, arm drift, facial droop
  • burning in throat, epigastric pain
  • polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
  • chest pain and SOB

Question 7

Question
Types of ischemic stroke are:
Answer
  • thrombotic
  • hemorrhagic
  • transient
  • embolic

Question 8

Question
Cells involved in clearing blood debris of a hemorrhagic stroke include:
Answer
  • RBCs
  • lymphokines
  • astrocytes
  • macrophages

Question 9

Question
What are clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic stroke?
Answer
  • headache that develops in seconds, decreased LOC
  • urinary and bowel incontinence
  • aphasia, apraxia
  • increased hunger

Question 10

Question
Decerebrate posturing is described as:
Answer
  • extensor posturing
  • arms like an 'X'
  • arms like a 'C'
  • stiff neck

Question 11

Question
Neurological symptoms of a stroke appear as:
Answer
  • symmetrical
  • opposite side of injury
  • gradual onset
  • hypotension

Question 12

Question
Pt is exhibiting signs of right brain stroke, which side of the body will you see s/s?
Answer
  • left side
  • right side
  • both sides
  • neither side

Question 13

Question
Documenting a pt as lethargic means
Answer
  • easy arousal
  • no verbal response
  • minimal verbal response
  • disorientation to time

Question 14

Question
Pt only opens eyes w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
Answer
  • coma
  • obtundation
  • lethargy
  • stupor

Question 15

Question
Increased intracranial pressure causes decrease in cerebral perfusion
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
The most common cause of osteomyelitis is:
Answer
  • hematogenous spread of infection
  • rheumatoid disease
  • direct contamination of an open wound
  • deficiency of calcium.
  • deficiency of vitamin D

Question 17

Question
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves:
Answer
  • inadequate mineralization
  • impaired synthesis of bone organic matrix
  • alteration in the OPG/RANKL/RANK system
  • formation of sclerotic bone
  • none of these

Question 18

Question
RA begins with:
Answer
  • destruction of the synovial membrane and subsynovial tissue
  • inflammation of ligaments
  • destruction of the articular cartilage
  • softening of the articular cartilage
  • destruction of the joint capsule

Question 19

Question
The causes of OA include which of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
Answer
  • enzymatic breakdown
  • proteoglycan destruction
  • rheumatoid factor
  • circulating immune complexes
  • infections

Question 20

Question
Ankylosing spondylitis: (More than one answer may be correct.)
Answer
  • is a systemic immune inflammatory disease
  • is characterized by stiffening or fusion of the spine.
  • causes instability of synovial joints
  • begins with inflammation of fibrocartilage
  • is manifested early by low back pain and stiffness

Question 21

Question
In gout:
Answer
  • the pathogenesis is formation of monosodium urate crystals in joints and tissues.
  • purine metabolism is altered.
  • affected individuals likely have an inherited enzyme defect.
  • the hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
  • all of these

Question 22

Question
A muscle contracture is:
Answer
  • the hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
  • muscle shortening possibly because of CNS injury
  • often helped by relaxation training and biofeedback
  • a consequence of reduced muscle protein synthesis
  • all of these

Question 23

Question
Sprains:
Answer
  • articular cartilages lose contact entirely
  • articular cartilages are partially separated
  • complete separation of a tendon or a ligament
  • a ligament tear

Question 24

Question
osteo-
Answer
  • pertaining to the bone
  • pertaining to the cartilage
  • muscle
  • pertaining to the joing

Question 25

Question
condro-
Answer
  • pertaining to the bone
  • pertaining to the cartilage
  • muscle
  • pertaining to the joint

Question 26

Question
Rhabdo-
Answer
  • literally means 'rod' or 'rod-like'
  • muscle weakness

Question 27

Question
myo-
Answer
  • muscle
  • muscle weakness
  • tumors of the connective tissue

Question 28

Question
artho-
Answer
  • pertaining to the bone
  • pertaining to the cartilage
  • muscle
  • pertaining to the joint

Question 29

Question
muscle diagnosis in which there is muscle weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber
Answer
  • fibromyalgia
  • myopathy
  • neuropathy
  • sprain

Question 30

Question
A sarcoma is a group of tumors arising from connective tissue
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by damage or destruction in the _____ or _____ and by systematic signs of inflammation (select all that apply)
Answer
  • connective tissue
  • synovial membrane
  • articular cartilage
  • nerve fibers

Question 32

Question
Non-inflammatory disease caused by a progression of loss in cartilage
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 33

Question
Non-infectious disease caused by an autoimmune reaction
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 34

Question
Sclerosis of bone underneath the cartilage and formation of bone spurs is possible with _____
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 35

Question
_____ has a higher incidence in the elderly and is primarily idiopathic
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 36

Question
Chronic condition caused by deterioration of cartilage (damaging chondrocytes). Cartilage becomes thin, flaky, then absent. Bone surfaces become less protected and therefore pt experiences pain upon weight bearing and mobilization
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 37

Question
Risk factors for _____ include: advancing age, joint trauma, long-term mechanical stress, drugs, obesity, and endocrine DOs
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 38

Question
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: deformity/nodules at ends of digits, worsening pain with activity, and asymmetrical symptoms
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 39

Question
Pain worsens with activity
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 40

Question
AM pain/stiffness diminishes in about 30 minutes after getting out of bed
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 41

Question
Diagnosis of _____ can be done with an x-ray
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 42

Question
An inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, primarily involving damage to the connective tissue in the synovial membrane. Cause is unknown, but multifactorial contributors and genetic predisposition have been noted
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 43

Question
Neutrophils and other cells in synovial fluid become activated and thicken becoming inflammatory exudate. Joint become swollen and inflamed. Inflammation causes small venules to become occluded w/ cells --> decrease in vascular flow to the joint. Inflammatory cytokines induce enzymatic breakdown of cartilage and bone.
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 44

Question
Pannus, which is associated with _____, grows over the articular surface and causes destruction
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 45

Question
Pain worsens w/ rest
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 46

Question
Morning pain/stiffness lasts 1+ hours after getting out of bed
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 47

Question
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: fever, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, joint pain/stiffness/tenderness, joints warm to touch, deformity (swan hands). and decreased ROM. Symptoms occur symmetrically
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 48

Question
Starts in fingers and wrists w/ later involvement in weight bearing joints (ankles & feet).
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 49

Question
Complications of _____ include: systemic effects including skin, cardiac valves, pericardium, pleura, lung parenchyma, and spleen; formation of nodules w/ central tissue necrosis and proliferation of connective tissue
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 50

Question
Blood tests are used to diagnose _____
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 51

Question
Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by a _____ infection.
Answer
  • candidal
  • staph
  • strep

Question 52

Question
_____ osteomyelitis may originate from an open wound, open fracture, penetrating wound, or surgical procedure
Answer
  • exogenous
  • endogenous

Question 53

Question
_____ osteomyelitis may originate from pathogens carried in the blood from sites of infection elsewhere in the body
Answer
  • exogenous
  • endogenous

Question 54

Question
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: acute or chronic inflammation, fever, pain, and necrotic bone.
Answer
  • osteoarthritis
  • RA
  • osteomyelitis

Question 55

Question
As you age, the amount of cartilage in your body starts to build up
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 56

Question
Fibrous connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone
Answer
  • tendon
  • ligament

Question 57

Question
band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bones where they meet in a joint
Answer
  • tendon
  • ligament

Question 58

Question
tearing or stretching of a muscle or tendon is commonly known as a:
Answer
  • sprain
  • strain

Question 59

Question
Ligament tears are commonly known as:
Answer
  • sprains
  • strains

Question 60

Question
What makes up the CNS
Answer
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • cranial nerves
  • spinal nerves

Question 61

Question
What makes up the PNS
Answer
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • cranial nerves
  • spinal nerves

Question 62

Question
The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are components of the _____ nervous system
Answer
  • autonomic
  • somatic

Question 63

Question
What are the types of pain?
Answer
  • visceral
  • somatic
  • referred

Question 64

Question
In promoting health maintenance for prevention of strokes, the nurse understands that the highest risk for the most common type of CVA is seen in
Answer
  • African Americans with hypertension and diabetes.
  • Women who smoke
  • People w/ DM
  • Those who are obese with high dietary fat-intake.

Question 65

Question
the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage
Answer
  • aphasia
  • apraxia
  • agnosia

Question 66

Question
the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. With speech, the messages from the brain to the mouth are disrupted, and the person cannot move his or her lips or tongue
Answer
  • aphasia
  • apraxia
  • agnosia

Question 67

Question
is the inability to process sensory information. Often there is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific
Answer
  • agnosia
  • apraxia
  • aphasia

Question 68

Question
means 'weakness'
Answer
  • -plegia
  • -paresis

Question 69

Question
means paralysis or no movement at all
Answer
  • -plegia
  • -paresis

Question 70

Question
Which is not a neuromodulator of pain?
Answer
  • prostaglandins
  • 5-hydroxytryptamine
  • norepinephrine
  • lymphokines
  • heparin

Question 71

Question
An individual shows flexion in upper extremities and extension in lower extremities. This is:
Answer
  • decorticate posturing
  • decerebrate posturing.
  • excitation posturing
  • caloric posturing

Question 72

Question
Alzheimer disease:
Answer
  • can be caused by increased cerebral levels of acetylcholine
  • is most prevalent as a late-onset dementia
  • manifests as nerve cell tangles
  • manifests as neuron senile plaques.
  • all of these

Question 73

Question
Dystonia is:
Answer
  • abnormal posture maintained by muscular contractions
  • flexed posture
  • stooped, hyperflexed posture.
  • a spastic gait

Question 74

Question
Confusion:
Answer
  • orientation to person, time, and place
  • slow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
  • inability to think clearly
  • vocalization in response to pain stimuli
  • no arousal

Question 75

Question
Coma:
Answer
  • orientation to person, time, and place
  • slow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
  • inability to think clearly
  • vocalization in response to pain stimuli
  • no arousal

Question 76

Question
TIAs are:
Answer
  • unilateral neurologic deficits that slowly resolve.
  • generalized neurologic deficits that occur a few seconds every hour
  • focal neurologic deficits that develop suddenly, last more than an hour, and clear without evidence of infarction
  • neurologic deficits that slowly evolve or develop.

Question 77

Question
Which is a risk factor for the development of CVAs?
Answer
  • polycythemia vera
  • HTN
  • DM
  • hyperhomocysteinemi
  • all of these

Question 78

Question
Which most typically characterizes the victims of a cerebral embolic stroke
Answer
  • individuals older than 65 years with a history of hypertension
  • individuals with a long history of TIA
  • middle-aged individuals with a history of heart disease
  • individuals with gradually occurring symptoms that then rapidly disappear

Question 79

Question
Ruptured aneurysms are most likely in which of the following cerebrovascular accidents.
Answer
  • TIA
  • thrombotic
  • embolic
  • hemorrhagic

Question 80

Question
Pain is a compensatory mechanism to stabalize the environment and maintain homeostasis
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 81

Question
Not all pain involves tissue injury, release of chemical (inflammatory), mediators, and sensitization of spinal cord neurons
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 82

Question
The _____ Theory asserts that non-painful input 'closes' the gates to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the CNS.
Answer
  • Gate Control
  • Specificity of Pain
  • Intensity of Pain
  • Pattern of Pain

Question 83

Question
These fibers are associated w/ 'fast' pain
Answer
  • A-delta
  • C

Question 84

Question
These fibers are associated w/ 'slow' pain
Answer
  • A-delta
  • C

Question 85

Question
Nociceptors are free nerve ending in the _____ PNS
Answer
  • afferent
  • efferent

Question 86

Question
_____ are widespread in the superficial layers of the skin, periosteum, arterial walls, and joint surfaces
Answer
  • nociceptors
  • neurons
  • neuromodulators
  • axons

Question 87

Question
_____ are myelinated
Answer
  • A-delta
  • C

Question 88

Question
_____ fibers are associated with mechanical or thermal stimulation (needle stick, knife cut, acute burn) and are transmitted in less than 0.1 seconds
Answer
  • A-delta
  • C

Question 89

Question
associated with acute pain
Answer
  • A-delta
  • C

Question 90

Question
_____ fibers are stimulated by chemicals, mechanically, or thermally. Some examples include aches, throbbing, and nauseous pain
Answer
  • A-delta
  • C

Question 91

Question
_____ fibers transmit signals at a rate of over 1 second
Answer
  • A-delta
  • C

Question 92

Question
Associated w/ chronic pain
Answer
  • A-delta
  • C

Question 93

Question
Neuromodulators are messengers released from a neuron in the _____, or in the periphery that affects groups of neurons or effector cells that have the appropriate receptors.
Answer
  • CNS
  • PNS

Question 94

Question
_____ trigger responsiveness
Answer
  • nociceptors
  • neurons
  • neuromodulators
  • axons

Question 95

Question
Choose the following tissue injury neuromodulators
Answer
  • prostaglandins
  • bradykinin
  • lymphokines
  • substance P
  • histamine
  • glutamate
  • somatostatin

Question 96

Question
Choose the following excitatory neuromodulators
Answer
  • prostaglandins
  • bradykinin
  • lymphokines
  • substance P
  • histamine
  • glutamate
  • somatostatin

Question 97

Question
_____ pain is a protective mechanism against immediate harm. It is the response of excessive adrenergic (sympathetic) activity
Answer
  • acute
  • chronic

Question 98

Question
Somatic, visceral, referred, and neuropathic pain are types of _____ pain
Answer
  • acute
  • chronic

Question 99

Question
pain in the body framework (skin, bones, muscle)
Answer
  • somatic
  • visceral
  • referred
  • neuropathic

Question 100

Question
pain in the organs of the body (chest pain, abdominal pain)
Answer
  • somatic
  • visceral
  • referred
  • neuropathic

Question 101

Question
pain felt in remote areas away from the original point of pain generation
Answer
  • somatic
  • visceral
  • referred
  • neuropathic

Question 102

Question
The disruption of nerves or hypersensitization of nerves.
Answer
  • somatic
  • visceral
  • referred
  • neuropathic

Question 103

Question
_____ pain occurs in ppl w/ DM
Answer
  • somatic
  • visceral
  • referred
  • neuropathic

Question 104

Question
_____ pain may be treated (off-label) w/ tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or antiarrhythmics
Answer
  • somatic
  • visceral
  • referred
  • neuropathic

Question 105

Question
_____ pain lasts as little as a few seconds to as much as 3 months. There is a temporary or minor disruption in normal ADL's and lifestyle
Answer
  • acute
  • chronic

Question 106

Question
_____ pain persists more than 3 months. It imposes severe emotional, physical, economic, and social stresses on pts and their family
Answer
  • acute
  • chronic

Question 107

Question
Acute pain is a very costly health care problem. Is is usually caused from a complex underlying DO
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 108

Question
_____ pain affect employment, finances, family structure, social relationships
Answer
  • acute
  • chronic

Question 109

Question
Personality changes are apparent with chronic pain
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 110

Question
Negative health consequences of _____ pain include increased stress, decreased GI motility and appetite, increased blood clotting, delayed healing, decreased immune system, interference with sleep, and hormonal imbalances
Answer
  • acute
  • chronic

Question 111

Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves what increases or decreases the pain level
Answer
  • P-provocative/palliative
  • Q-quality
  • R-region
  • S-severity
  • T-temporal characteristics

Question 112

Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves a description of what the pain feels like (sharp, dull, hot, stinging, ect)
Answer
  • P-provocative/palliative
  • Q-quality
  • R-region
  • S-severity
  • T-Temporal characteristics

Question 113

Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves where the pain is (localized, referred)
Answer
  • P-provocative/palliative
  • Q-quality
  • R-region
  • S-severity
  • T-temporal charachteristics

Question 114

Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves rating the pain on a scale of 1-10
Answer
  • P-provocative/palliative
  • Q-quality
  • R-region
  • S-severity
  • T-temporal characteristics

Question 115

Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves how long the pain has been present (acute, chronic)
Answer
  • P-provocative/palliative
  • Q-quality
  • R-region
  • S-severity
  • T-temporal characteristics

Question 116

Question
The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
Answer
  • somatic
  • autonomic

Question 117

Question
The somatic nervous system regulates _____ motor control
Answer
  • voluntary
  • involuntary

Question 118

Question
The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating the body's internal environment thru involuntary control of organ systems
Answer
  • somatic
  • autonomic

Question 119

Question
The _____ nervous system controls the body's fight or flight response
Answer
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic

Question 120

Question
The _____ nervous system conserves the body's energy
Answer
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic

Question 121

Question
The _____ pathway is ascending and messages go from the body to the brain
Answer
  • afferent
  • efferent

Question 122

Question
The _____ pathway is descending and messages travel from the brain to the body
Answer
  • afferent
  • efferent

Question 123

Question
_____ neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
Answer
  • sensory
  • motor
  • associational/inter

Question 124

Question
_____ neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to an effector organ
Answer
  • sensory
  • motor
  • associational/inter

Question 125

Question
_____ neurons transmit impulses from neuron to neuron
Answer
  • sensory
  • motor
  • associational/inter

Question 126

Question
A pts pain _____ is the lowest intensity of pain that a person can recognize
Answer
  • threshold
  • tolerance

Question 127

Question
A pt's pain _____ is the greatest intensity of pain that a person can endure
Answer
  • threshold
  • tolerance

Question 128

Question
_____ is a respiratory rate of less than 12 breathes a minute and is associated w/ neurological conditions, electrolyte disturbances, narcotic or barbituate OD, or is seen postanesthesia
Answer
  • bradypnea
  • tachypnea
  • Biot's respirations
  • Cheyne-Stokes respirations
  • Kussumal respirations

Question 129

Question
_____ results in a persistent respiratory rate of more than 20 breathes per minute and is associated with trauma, injury, stress, pain; respiratory, cardiac, or liver disease
Answer
  • bradypnea
  • tachypnea
  • Biot's respirations
  • Cheyne-Stokes respirations
  • Kussmaul respirations

Question 130

Question
_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by shallow breathing alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated with neurologic problems, head trauma, brain abscess, and heatstroke
Answer
  • bradypnea
  • tachypnea
  • Biot's respirations
  • Cheyne-Stokes respirations
  • Kussmaul respirations

Question 131

Question
_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by periods of respirations of increased rate and depth alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated w/ CHF, drug OD, increased intracranial pressure, and impending death
Answer
  • bradypnea
  • tachypnea
  • Biot's respirations
  • Cheyne-Stokes respirations
  • Kussmaul respirations

Question 132

Question
_____ are respirations of increased rate and depth and are associated w/ metabolic acidosis, DKA, and renal failure
Answer
  • bradypnea
  • tachypnea
  • Biot's respirations
  • Cheyne-Stokes respirations
  • Kummmaul respirations

Question 133

Question
Which of the following shows the stages of altered consciousness
Answer
  • confusion, disorientation, lethargy, obtundation, stupor, coma
  • disorientation, confusion, obtundation, lethargy, coma, stupor
  • confusion, disorientation, stupor, lethargy, obtundation, coma
  • obtundation, disorientation, confusion, lethargy, stupor, coma

Question 134

Question
loss of ability to think, impaired judgement and decision making
Answer
  • confusion
  • disorientation
  • lethargy
  • obtundation
  • stupor
  • coma

Question 135

Question
beginning loss of consciousness, unable to tell name, place, or time
Answer
  • confusion
  • disorientation
  • lethargy
  • obtundation
  • stupor
  • coma

Question 136

Question
limited spontaneous movement or speech; easy arousal w/ normal speech or touch; may or may not be oriented to time, place, and person
Answer
  • confusion
  • disorientation
  • lethargic
  • obtundation
  • stupor
  • coma

Question 137

Question
mild to moderate reduction in arousal w/ limited response to environment; fall asleep unless stimulated verbally or tactilely; answer questions w/ minimal responses
Answer
  • confusion
  • disorientation
  • lethargy
  • obtundation
  • stupor
  • coma

Question 138

Question
condition of deep sleep or unresponsiveness; opens eyes only w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
Answer
  • confusion
  • disorientation
  • lethargy
  • obtundation
  • stupor
  • coma

Question 139

Question
no verbal response to external environment or to any stimuli
Answer
  • confusion
  • disorientation
  • lethargy
  • obtundation
  • stupor
  • coma

Question 140

Question
_____ posturing include flexing and the arms are like 'C's' and move in toward the spinal cord
Answer
  • decorticate
  • decerebrate

Question 141

Question
_____ posturing involves extension and the arms are like 'e's'
Answer
  • decorticate
  • decerebrate
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