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Pharmacology Exam 4

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Pharmacology Quiz on Pharmacology Exam 4, created by Rachel Bullock on 31/10/2016.
Rachel Bullock
Quiz by Rachel Bullock, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Rachel Bullock
Created by Rachel Bullock over 7 years ago
Rachel Bullock
Copied by Rachel Bullock over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The nurse will monitor for which adverse reaction to calcium containing antacids?
Answer
  • Diarrhea, kidney stones, rebound hyperacidity
  • Constipation, kidney stones, rebound hyperacidity
  • Hyperglycemia, kidney stones, rebound hyperacidity
  • Hypoglycemia, kidney stones, rebound hyperacidity

Question 2

Question
Which type of antacids will a nurse most likely question in an order for a patient who has chronic renal failure?
Answer
  • Aluminum-containing antacids
  • Calcium-containing antacids
  • Magnesium-containing antacids
  • Sodium-containing antacids

Question 3

Question
A nurse is providing a client who has peptic ulcer disease with instructions about managing his condition. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Answer
  • Eat a bedtime snack
  • Seek measures to reduce stress
  • Drink decaffeinated coffee
  • Avoid the use of NSAIDS or Aspirin
  • Avoid smoking

Question 4

Question
Which of the following drugs is sometimes added to the oral medication protocol with PPIs to reduce flatulence and abdominal discomfort associated with gas?
Answer
  • Sucralfate
  • Citroma
  • Dulcolax
  • Simethicone

Question 5

Question
After confirmation of suspected H. pylori in a client with peptic ulcer disease, which of the following pharmacological interventions could be implemented by the physician? Select all that apply.
Answer
  • Antibiotic therapy
  • Supplementary simethicone
  • Bismuth containing product
  • Histamine2-receptor antagonists
  • Proton Pump Inhibitor

Question 6

Question
A patient with peptic ulcer disease reports pain while urinating. A urinalysis reveals the presence of cystine, oxalate, and urate renal stones. Which antacid might the patient be overusing?
Answer
  • Calcium-containing antacids
  • Magnesium-containing antacids
  • Aluminum-containing antacids
  • Sodium-containing antacids

Question 7

Question
Which of the following drugs can cause confusion in elderly patients? Select all that apply.
Answer
  • Cimetidine
  • Bisacodyl
  • Omeprazole
  • Bismuth sabsalicylate

Question 8

Question
A patient is being prepared for a colonoscopy. The nurse expects which laxative to be used as preparation for this procedure?
Answer
  • methylcellulose
  • docusate sodium
  • PEG-3350
  • glycerin

Question 9

Question
An underweight patient comes to the clinic complaining of fatigue and weakness. She tells the nurse she has been using laxatives to promote bowel movements to help her keep her weight down, and can't seem to have a bowel movement without using a laxative. The nurse knows the patient is at risk for which of the following related to laxative abuse? Select all that apply.
Answer
  • Damage to the bowel
  • Secretion of oily discharge
  • Laxative tolerance
  • Intestinal problems
  • Impaired psychosocial development

Question 10

Question
Which of the following antidiarrheals is a controlled substance?
Answer
  • loperamide
  • diphenoxylate
  • belladonna alkaloid combinations
  • lactobacillus

Question 11

Question
This class of laxatives, which produces normal, formed stools with very few (if any) adverse effects is which of the following?
Answer
  • Emollient laxatives
  • Hyperosmotic laxatives
  • Saline laxatives
  • Bulk-forming laxatives

Question 12

Question
A patient who has been using pepto-bismol for the past several days has come into the clinic worried about his black stools. Which of the following responses is most appropriate for the nurse?
Answer
  • "You are right to be concerned. It is possible you are eliminating needed stores of iron."
  • "This is an expected adverse effect of pepto-bismol."
  • "Has this ever happened to you before with any other drug treatment?"
  • "When did you first start noticing the color change in your stool?"

Question 13

Question
A patient has been receiving long-term antibiotic therapy as part of treatment for an infected leg wound. He tells the nurse that he has had "spells of diarrhea" for the last week. Which medication is most appropriate for him at this time?
Answer
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • L. acidophilus
  • diphenoxylate with atropine
  • codeine

Question 14

Question
When speaking with a patient who has been taking pepto-bismol as needed for the past couple of weeks, the nurse should be concerned when the patient also states he is taking which of the following drugs? Select all that apply.
Answer
  • Vitamin K supplements
  • warfarin (Coumadin)
  • psyllium
  • digoxin
  • NSAIDs

Question 15

Question
Which of the following pharmacologic interventions creates a drug-induced acidic environment that also functions to reduce ammonia levels while producing a laxative effect?
Answer
  • senna
  • docusate sodium
  • bisacodyl
  • lactulose

Question 16

Question
A patient taking alosetron to treat her IBS has recently called in to her provider to report severe constipation and terrible abdominal pain. The nurse tells her to come to the clinic right away. Which life-threatening complication of IBS treatment is this patient at risk for?
Answer
  • Severe GI hemorrhage
  • Spontaneous abortion
  • Intestinal polyps
  • Ischemic colitis

Question 17

Question
When reviewing the various types of anti nausea medications, the nurse recognizes that prokinetic drugs such as metaclopramide (Raglan) are also used for:
Answer
  • motion sickness
  • vertigo
  • delayed gastric emptying
  • GI obstruction

Question 18

Question
Serotonin-blocking drugs such as granisetron and ondansetron are most commonly used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
A patient has been newly prescribed meclizine (Antivert) for the treatment of vertigo. Which of the following patient statements indicate a need for further patient education?
Answer
  • "I will commit to avoiding alcohol for the duration of my treatment."
  • "Taking this drug before leaving for work will help to improve my alertness."
  • "I should avoid other CNS depressants while taking this drug."
  • "I can take this drug with a full glass of water or milk."

Question 20

Question
A patient using a transdermal scopolamine patch has set a watch alarm to help her remember to change her patch. When her alarm goes off, how much time has passed?
Answer
  • 24 hours
  • 48 hours
  • 72 hours
  • 84 hours

Question 21

Question
The order reads: "Give promethazine (Phenergan) 12.5 mg IM q4h prn nausea/vomiting." This medication is available in 25-mg/mL vials. Because of this, the nurse will administer [blank_start]0.5[blank_end] mL per dose.
Answer
  • 0.5

Question 22

Question
Lack of which of the following vitamins leads to rickets, osteomalacia, and tetany?
Answer
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin K
  • Vitamin D

Question 23

Question
Which of the following foods would be recommend to a patient with a calcium deficiency?
Answer
  • High-bran foods
  • Dairy products
  • Orange juice
  • Sardines and salmon
  • Fortified cereals

Question 24

Question
Which of the following vitamin injections are given to newborns prophylactically within 1 hour of birth?
Answer
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin K
  • Vitamin A

Question 25

Question
While caring for a newly admitted patient who has a long history of alcoholism, the nurse anticipates that part of the patient's medication regimen will include which vitamin?
Answer
  • Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
  • Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
  • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
  • Vitamin A (retinol)

Question 26

Question
Which of the following are uses of the mineral zinc? Select all that apply.
Answer
  • Development and maintenance of skeletal system and teeth
  • Assistive function in wound healing
  • Enzymatic metabolic reactions involving proteins and carbohydrates
  • Required for muscle contraction and nerve function
  • Normal tissue growth and repair

Question 27

Question
The nurse is providing care to a patient following a non-accidental traumatic brain injury. The patient has developed diabetes insipidus due to the injury. What medication is most often used in the management of diabetes insipidus?
Answer
  • desmopressin (DDVAP)
  • corticotrophin (Acthar)
  • octreotide (Sandostatin)
  • somatropin (Humatrope)

Question 28

Question
When monitoring for the therapeutic effects of intranasal desmopressin (DDVAP) in a patient who has diabetes insipidus, which assessment finding will the nurse look for as an indication that the medication therapy is successful?
Answer
  • Increased insulin levels
  • Decreased diarrhea
  • Improved nasal patency
  • Decreased thirst

Question 29

Question
What would the nurse assess when monitoring for the therapeutic effectiveness of vasopressin?
Answer
  • Fluid balance
  • Patient's pain scale
  • Serum albumin levels
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels

Question 30

Question
What would the nurse assess when monitoring for the therapeutic outcome with Somatropin treatment?
Answer
  • Increased insulin levels
  • Decreased diarrhea
  • Increased growth
  • Improved nasal patency

Question 31

Question
A patient receiving propylthiouracil (PTU) asks the nurse how this medication will help relieve his symptoms. What is the nurse’s best response?
Answer
  • “Propylthiouracil inactivates any circulating thyroid hormone, thus decreasing signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism.”
  • “Propylthiouracil inhibits the formation of new thyroid hormone, thus gradually returning your metabolism to normal.”
  • “Propylthiouracil helps your thyroid gland use iodine and synthesize hormones better.”
  • “Propylthiouracil stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which inhibits the production of hormones by the thyroid gland.”

Question 32

Question
A patient recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism is prescribed Synthroid. She demonstrates the need for further teaching when she states which of the following?
Answer
  • “I will take this medication in the morning so as not to interfere with sleep.”
  • “I can expect to see relief of my symptoms within 1 week.”
  • "I should only take this medication once a day."
  • "I will not discontinue the use of this medication without seeing my healthcare provider."

Question 33

Question
To help with insomnia associated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, the nurse will teach the patient to:
Answer
  • take half the dose at lunchtime and the other half 2 hours later
  • use a sedative to assist with falling asleep
  • take the dose upon awakening in the morning
  • reduce the dosage as needed if sleep is impaired

Question 34

Question
When teaching a patient who has a new prescription for thyroid hormone, the nurse will instruct the patient to notify the physician if which adverse effects are noted? Select all that apply.
Answer
  • Palpitations
  • Weight gain
  • Angina
  • Fatigue
  • Cold intolerance

Question 35

Question
The pharmacy has called a patient to notify her that the current brand of thyroid replacement hormone is on back order. The patient calls the clinic to ask what to do. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Answer
  • "Go ahead and take the other brand that the pharmacy has available for now."
  • "You can stop the medication until your current brand is available."
  • "You can split the thyroid pills that you have left so that they will last longer."
  • "Let me ask your physician what needs to be done; we will need to watch how you do if you switch brands."

Question 36

Question
Which is a rapid-acting insulin with an onset of action of less than 15 minutes?
Answer
  • insulin glargine (Lantus)
  • insulin aspart (NovoLog)
  • regular insulin (Humulin R)
  • insulin detemir (Levemir)

Question 37

Question
Which long-acting insulin mimics natural, basal insulin with no peak action and a duration of 24 hours?
Answer
  • insulin glargine (Lantus)
  • insulin glulisine (Apidra)
  • regular insulin (Humulin R)
  • NPH insulin

Question 38

Question
Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia? Select all that apply.
Answer
  • Nervousness
  • Irritability
  • Weight gain
  • Confusion
  • Sweating

Question 39

Question
When checking a patient's fingerstick blood glucose level, the nurse obtains a reading of 42 mg/dL. The patient states he is awake, but feels a bit "cloudy-headed." After double-checking the patient's glucose level and getting the same reading, which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
Answer
  • Administer two packets of table sugar.
  • Administer oral glucose in the form of a semisolid gel.
  • Administer 50% dextrose IV push
  • Administer the morning dose of lispro insulin.

Question 40

Question
The patient is prescribed 30 units regular insulin and 70 units NPH insulin subcutaneously every morning. The nurse will provide which instruction to the patient?
Answer
  • “Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin.”
  • “Mixing insulins will help increase insulin production.”
  • “Rotate sites at least once weekly.”
  • “Use a 23- to 25-gauge syringe with a 1-inch needle for maximum absorption.”

Question 41

Question
Which insulin can be administered by continuous intravenous infusion?
Answer
  • insulin glargine (Lantus)
  • insulin aspart (Novolog)
  • regular insulin (Humulin R)
  • insulin detemir (Levemir)

Question 42

Question
Expected blood glucose levels while fasting are less than or equal to [blank_start]100[blank_end], but greater than [blank_start]60[blank_end]. While blood glucose levels 2 hours post prandial are less than or equal to [blank_start]140[blank_end], but greater than [blank_start]60[blank_end].
Answer
  • 100
  • 60
  • 140
  • 60

Question 43

Question
The HbA1C blood glucose test is the most reliable method of testing months of blood sugars and is not affected by recent fluctuations in blood glucose.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
A patient is taking oral anti diabetics for new-onset type 2 diabetes. When reviewing potential adverse effects, the nurse will include information about: (select all that apply)
Answer
  • Weight gain
  • GI upset
  • Headache
  • Abdominal bloating
  • Hypoglycemia

Question 45

Question
What class of drugs can raise blood glucose even if everything else is being done correctly?
Answer
  • Hyperosmotic laxatives
  • Corticosteroids
  • Insulin therapy
  • Proton pump inhibitors

Question 46

Question
A pregnant patient was recently diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The nurse should expect which of the following orders?
Answer
  • Oral antidiabetic medication
  • Restrictive diet modifications
  • Increased fluid intake
  • Insulin therapy

Question 47

Question
A student nurse has asked her preceptor to explain the concept of basal dosing as it relates to insulin administration. Which of the following is the best response of the preceptor?
Answer
  • "Basal dosing helps prevent an overdose of insulin to the patient. If we meet the very basic needs for insulin in the body, we are less likely to cause adverse effects to the patient."
  • "Basal dosing is a method of using both long-acting and short or rapid-acting insulins to deliver and maintain optimal insulin levels in the body throughout the course of an entire day."
  • "Basal dosing is the method for administering subcutaneous regular insulin doses adjusted according to serum glucose test results."
  • "Basal dosing is used for hospitalized diabetic patients experiencing drastic changes in serum glucose levels due to physical and emotional stress, infections, surgery, and acute illness."

Question 48

Question
A patient is taking metformin for new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. When reviewing potential adverse effects, the nurse will include information about: (select all that apply.)
Answer
  • Abdominal bloating
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Weight gain
  • Metallic taste

Question 49

Question
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for metformin. Which of the following adverse effects of metformin should the nurse instruct the client to report to the provider?
Answer
  • Somnolence
  • Constipation
  • Fluid retention
  • Weight gain

Question 50

Question
The nurse is discussing with a patient the time of day for taking prednisone. What information would the nurse include in the teaching based on knowledge of glucocorticoids?
Answer
  • It is usually administered early in the evening to coincide with the natural secretion pattern of the adrenal cortex.
  • It is usually administered on a strict, unchanging schedule in order to prevent adverse reactions.
  • It should be administered with food to diminish the risk of gastric irritation.
  • It should be administered with the patient’s morning coffee to enhance its effects.

Question 51

Question
When teaching a patient who has been prescribed a daily dose of prednisone (Deltasone), the nurse knows that the patient will be told to take the medication at which time of day to help reduce adrenal suppression?
Answer
  • In the morning
  • At lunchtime
  • At dinnertime
  • At bedtime

Question 52

Question
Which of the following are identified side effects of prednisone (Deltasone)?
Answer
  • Weight gain
  • Restlessness
  • Insomnia
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Headache
  • Thinning skin and acne

Question 53

Question
During long-term corticosteroid therapy, the nurse will monitor the patient's laboratory results for adverse effects, such as: (Select all that apply.)
Answer
  • Increased serum potassium levels
  • Decreased serum potassium levels
  • Increased sodium levels
  • Decreased sodium levels
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypoglycemia

Question 54

Question
The nurse has provided teaching about oral corticosteroid therapy to a patient. Which statement by the patient shows a need for more teaching?
Answer
  • "I will report any fever or sore throat symptoms."
  • "I will stay away form anyone who has a cold or infection."
  • "I can stop this medication if I have severe adverse effects."
  • "I will take this drug with food or milk."
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