Skin Care Products

Skin Care Products

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Ingredients

Every ingredient used in cosmetics has a function in the finished product. These ingredients are divided into two basic types: functional and performance ingredients.- Functional ingredients make up the majority of a product. They allow products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form.- Performance ingredients cause the actual change in the appearance of the skin.

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Caption: : Alpha Hydroxy Acid structure

Allergens

Many ingredients used in skin care products may cause adverse (allergic) skin reactions. Fragrances and preservatives are the two most common allergens. Hypoallergenic describes ingredients that may be less likely to cause allergic reactions. Noncomedogenic describes ingredients that will not clog pores or cause comedones.

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Cleansers, Masks, and Moisturizers

Cleansers come in many forms and should be used twice a day as the first step in a skin care routine. Skin cleansers have many benefits that include:- clean the surface of the skin- dissolve makeup and dirt to keep pores clean- prepare the skin for other products- softens dry skin- help skin conditions such as sensitivity, dehydration, or capillary problemsMasks provide many benefits and can do wonders for the skin. There are two types of mask categories - nonsetting and setting.- Nonsetting masks do not dry or "set up." They are designed to stay moist and are more hydrating.- Setting masks harden or dry and provide a complete barrier on top of the skin.Moisturizers are products formulated to add moisture to the skin. These products are used twice a day after cleansing to protect and nourish the skin.- Lotions- Hydrators- Creams

Water

Water makes up a large part of the skin. It is also the most frequently used cosmetic ingredient - it is both a vehicle and a performance ingredient.Products that do not contain any water are called anhydrous. These products are designed for dry skin.

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Caption: : *Water-soluble substances are mixable with water.

Oils

Many oils are used in skin care and come from many different sources. Oils from the earth include mineral oil and petrolatum. Oils from plants include coconut and palm oil (the two heaviest oils), safflower, sunflower, canola, and jojoba oil. Essential oils are oils derived from herbs, and they have many different properties and effects on the skin and psyche. Some popular essential oils include:  - eucalyptus (antiseptic, astringent, stimulating)- lavender (also an herb and soothing)- peppermint (cooling, reduces irritation) - sandalwood (soothing, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory)- tea tree (stimulating, antiseptic, anti-fungal)

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Caption: : *Oil-soluble substances are mixable with oil.

Herbs

Herbs and essential oils are used for their aromatherapeutic properties as well as skin benefits.Some common herbs used include:- Rosemary (stimulating, increases circulation)- Mint (stimulating, antiseptic, good for circulation)- Lavender (soothing, healing)Any harsh or stimulating ingredients are not recommended for mature skin. For example, mint would not be beneficial for mature skin because it is very stimulating. However, chamomile, which is calming and used for sensitive skin, is very beneficial for mature skin.

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Antioxidants

Antioxidants are vitamins, amino acids, and other natural substances that neutralize the damaging effects of free radicals and help skin cope with the damaging effects of environmental influences.Some of the most widely used antioxidants include:- Vitamin A, C, & E- Coenzyme Q10- DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol)- Alpha lipoic acid

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Sunscreen

There are two types of active sunscreen ingredients- chemical and physical. Chemical sunscreens are organic, and physical sunscreens are inorganic. The sun protection factor (SPF) of ingredients is the ability of a product to delay sun-induced erythema.Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are examples of inorganic physical sunscreens. Daily sunscreen is helpful to protect skin from UV radiation, and should always be recommended to clients. It should be the last step in the service you are providing especially if the skin has been exfoliated.

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Exfoliation

Exfoliation is the removal of dead cells on the epidermis. Exfoliants are mechanical and chemical ingredients that exfoliate the skin. Alpha hydroxyl acid (AHAs) and beta hydroxyl acid (BHAs) are naturally occurring mild acids used as chemical exfoliants. These exfoliants work by loosening the bond between cells in the epidermis and stimulate cell renewal. Salicylic acid, a BHA with exfoliating and antiseptic properties, is commonly used in products to target acne. Its natural sources include:- Sweet birch- Willow bark- Wintergreen

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Contraindications

Contraindications are factors that prohibit a treatment due to a condition. Treatments could cause harmful or negative side effects to those who have specific medical or skin conditions. To avoid damaging skin, do not use any harsh mechanical exfoliation or peeling techniques on these skin conditions:- sensitive skin- skin with many visible capillaries- thin skin that reddens easily- older skin that is thin and bruises easily- acne-prone skin with inflamed papules and pustules- skin medically treated with Retin-A, Accutane, Differin, other acne drugs

Color Agents

Color agents, or colorants, are vegetable, pigment, or mineral dyes that give products color. - Certified colors are synthetic, inorganic, and are known as metal salts. These are colorants that have been batch certified and approved by the FDA.- Noncertified colors are organic compounds from animal or plant extracts and can also be natural mineral pigments. They are less irritating than certified colors, making them more useful for the eye area.- Exempt colors do not require certification. These include zinc oxide, iron oxides, carmine, mica, and the ultramarine colors. These are less intense in color.

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