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Body Defense
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Questions in this quiz (78)
1Which kind of white blood cells secretes chemicals that destroy parasitic worms?
- Abasophil
- Beosinophil
- Clymphocyte
- Dmonocyte
- Eneutrophil
2Viruses
- Aare single-cell microorganisms
- Bconsist only of nucleic acids enclosed by a protein coat
- Cmust invade a host cell in order to carry out metabolism and reproduce
- Dare single-celled microorganisms and must invade a host cell in order to carry out metabolism and reproduce
- Econsist only of nucleic acids enclosed by a protein coat and must invade a host cell in order to carry out metabolism and reproduce
3Which of the following is not a means by which viruses can lead to cellular damages or death?
- Arelease by the virus of enzymes or toxins that physically injure or disrupt affected cells
- Bdepletion of essential cellular components by the virus
- Ccellular production of sustances toxic to the cell under the dictatorship of the virus
- Dtransformation of normal host cells into cancer cells
- Eincorporation of the virus into the cell so that the body's own defense mechanisms no longer recognize the cell as part of "normal self" and destroy it
4Leukocytes
- Aare responsible for the body's various immune defense strategies
- Bspend most of their time ciculatinf in the blood
- Care all produced in the lymph nodes
- Dare responsible for the body's varoious immune defense strategies and spend most of their time circulating in the blood
- Eall of these answers
5Which of the following are lymphoid tissues?
- Alymph nodes
- Bspleen
- Cbone marrow
- Dboth lymph nodes and spleen
- Eall of these answers
6Which of the following is not attributable to the immune defense system?
- Adefends against pathogenic microorganisms
- Bconverts foreign chemicals into compounds that can be more readily eliminated in the urine
- Cremoves worn-out cells and tissue debris
- Didentifies and destroys abnormal or mutant cells
- Ecan inappropriate induce allergic responses and autoimmune disease
7Which of the following is not part of the inflammatory response?
- Alocalized vasodilation
- Bmigration of neutrophils and macrophages to the site of injuy
- Ckinin activation
- Dinterferon inhibition of viral replication
- Eformation of interstitial-fluid clots that wall off bacterial invaders
8Specific immune responses
- Arequire helper T cell activation
- Bare under control of the adaptive immune system
- Ccould not occur if the thymus gland did not develop
- Dboth (a) and (b) above
- Eall of these answers
9Interferon is a
- Afamily of protein that defends against viruses
- Bnatural killer cell
- Cspecific bacterial surface receptor
- Dspecialized type of white blood cell
- Evasodilator agent
10Which of the following is not accomplished by a chemical released from activated phagocytes?
- Adecreasing plasma iron so that it is unavailable for bacterial multiplication
- Bstimulating histamine relase from mast cells
- Cstimulating the synthesis of viral-blocking enzymes
- Dinducing the development of fever
- Estimulating granulopoiesis
11Nonspecific immune responses
- Acome into play whether or not there has been prior experience with the offending agent
- Bare triggered by invasion of infectious microorganisms, chemical injury, mechanical trauma, or burns
- Caremediated by lymphocytes
- Dboth (a) and (b) above
- Eall of these answers
12Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity?
- Ainflammation
- Bantibody production
- Cinterferon
- Dnatural killer cells
- Ethe complement system
13Which occurrence is not characteristic of the inflammation response?
- Aincreased capillary permeability
- Bincreased macrophage activity
- Clocalized vasodilation
- Dlocalized edema
- Edecreased phagocytic activity
14What type of cells do Natural Killer cells destroy?
- Aantibody marked cells
- Bbacteria and virus-infected cells
- Cbacterial and cancerous cells
- Dcancerous cells and virus-infected cells
- Enone of these answers
15Which of the following is not attributable to complement activity?
- Aacting as opsonins
- Bwalling-off the inflamed area
- Cserving as chemotaxins
- Dstimulating the relase of histamine
- Eforming a membrane attack cmplex
16Which of the following is part of the inflammatory response?
- Amigration of neutrophils and macrophages to the involved area
- Blocalized vasodilation
- Cformation of interstitial fluid clots in the injured region
- Dboth migration of neutrophils and macrophages to the involved area and localized vasodilation
- Eall of these answers
17Localized vasodilation in an inflamed area is brought about by the release of ____ from ____
- Ahistamine, mast cells
- Bopsonins, B lymphocytes
- Cinterleukin 1, mast cells
- Dleukcyte mediator, phagocytes
- Eprostaglandins, phagocytes
18Bacterial multiplication depends on the availability of high concentration of
- Apotassium
- Bcalcium
- Ciron
- Dsodium
- Eglucose
19Which does not apply to neutrophils?
- Aare produced only in lymph nodes
- Bcan perform phagocytosis
- Ccan perform diapedesis
- Dcan exhibit amoeboid movement
- Eare attacted by chemotaxis
20Neutrophils engulf foreign particles by
- Aopsonization
- Bdeapedesis
- Cchemotaxis
- Dphagocytosis
- Eagglutination
21Monocytes
- Aare the fist phagocytes to exit the blood and arive at an injured or invaded area
- Bswell and mature into macrophages after exiting the blood
- Cact as opsonins
- Dtwo of these answers
- Eall of these answers
22Opsonins
- Anhance phagocytosis by linking the foreign cell to a phagocytic cell
- Bare secreted by phagocytes
- Cinclude antibodies and one of the activated proteins of the complement system
- Dboth enhance phagocytosis by linking the foreign cell to a phagocytic cell and are secreted by phagocytes
- Eboth enhance phagocytosis by linking the foreign cell to a phagocytic cell and include antibodies and one of the activated proteins of the complement system
23Chemotaxins
- Aare specialized antibodies
- Battract migrating phagocytic cells
- Cdestroy histamine and other vasodilators
- Dengulf foreign particles
- Estimulate white cell production
24Which is not an outcome of complement activation?
- Apromotion of localized vasodilation
- Bformation of membrane-attack complex
- Cactivation of kinins
- Dstimulation of interferon production
- Estimulation of local mast cell activity
25Which of the following statements concerning endogenous pyrogen is incorrect? Endogenous pyrogen
- Ais an acute-phase protein produced by the liver
- Bis secreted by phagocytes at a site of inflammation
- Cinduces the development of fever
- Dis the same as o closely related to leukocyte endogenous mediator and interleukin 1
- Eis belived to cause the local release of prostaglandins within the hypothalamus
26Diapedesis
- Arefers to the process of white blood cells engulfing and destroying invading organisms
- Brefers to the process of leukocytes squeezing through pores of the capillary wall into the surrounding interstitial fluid
- Crefers to the attraction of white blood cells to areas of injury, inflammation, and bacterial invasion
- Dis a feature exhibited by platelets
- Erefers to the linking together of foreign cell and phagocytic cell
27Select the incorrect statement about the glucocorticoids
- Acortisol is glucocorticoid
- Bthey are used tp trat undesirable immune responses
- Cthey stimulate lymphocyte production
- Dthey reduce the body's ability to resist infection
- Ethey suppress the inflammatory response
28Interferon
- Ais not released from virus-infected cells
- Btriggers the production of viral-blocking enzymes by cells that have not yet been invaded by viruses
- Cdirectly breaks down viral messenger RNA and inhibits protein synthesis, both of which are essential for viral replication
- Dtwo of these answers
- Eall of these answers
29Which of the following is not accomplished by interferon? Interferon
- Adirectly breaks down viral messenger RNA and inhibits protein synthesis, both of which are essential for viral replication
- Benhances macrophage phagocytic activity
- Cstimulates antibody production
- Dstimulates the activity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells
- Eslow cell division and suppresses tumor growth
30Viral-blocking enzymes are
- Aproduced by cells invaded by virus
- Bproduced by cells in response to binding with interferon
- Cactivated when a cell is invaded by virus
- Dboth produced by cells in response to binding with interferon and activated when a cell is invaded by a virus
- Eall of these answers
31Interferon
- Aforms a membrane-attack complex
- Bcauses lysis of invading microbes
- Cnonspecifically defends against viruses
- Dstimulates histamine release from mast cells
- Eis secreted by lymphoid tissues
32The molecules which can invoke immunogenicity are called:
- Acompliments
- Bantibodies
- Cantigens
- Dhaptens
- Einterferons
33The complement system
- Aconsists of plasma proteins produced by the liver that circulate in the blood in inactive form
- Bis the primary mechanism activated by antibodies to kill foreign cells
- Ccan be activated nonspecifically and specifically
- Dtwo of these answers
- Eall of these answers
34The primary purpose of the vascular changes in an invaded or injured area is to
- Aproduce swelling, redness, heat, and pain
- Bbring to the affected area phagocytes and plasma proteins that defend against the offending agent
- Cproduce pus
- Dexert an anti-inflammatory effect to protect against damage by potentially overreactive defense mechanisms
- Etrigger specific immune responses
35Which of the following is not attributable to components of the complement system?
- Aformation of membrane-attack complex
- Bwalling-off of the inflamed area
- Cserving as chemotaxins
- Dacting as opsonins
- Eenhancing local vascular changes
36T lymphocytes
- Aproduce thymosin
- Bsecrete antibodies
- Care converted into plasma cells
- Dmature and differentiate within the bone marrow
- Enone of these answers
37The thymus
- Ais the site of maturational processing for T lymphocytes
- Bsecretes a collection of hormones important in maintaining the T-cell lineage
- Cgradually atrophies and becomes less important as an individual matures
- Dtwo of these answers
- Eall of these answers
38Which type of leukocyte has a derivative known as the plasma cell?
- Aneutrophil
- BB lymphocyte
- CT lymphocyte
- Dmacrophage
- Ebasophil
39B lymphocytes
- Aare responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
- Bare activated by thymosin
- Cmature and diffeentiate into macrophages
- Dbind with foreign antigen in association with self-antigen
- Eare attacked by AIDS virus
40Select the most abundant immunoglobulin in the blood.
- AIgA
- BIgD
- CIgE
- DIgG
- EIgM
41Plasma cells
- Aare not derived from B cells
- Bhave an expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Cdo not secrete antibodies but remain dormant and expand the clone specfic for the invading antigen
- Dare not derived from B cells and have an expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Eall of these answers
42A large, complex molecule that triggers a specific immune response against itself when it gains entry into the body is known as
- Ainterferon
- Ban antigen
- Can antibody
- Dcomplement
- Ean opsonin
43The first human vaccination developed by Jenner
- Awas for smallpox
- Bwas for anthrax
- Cused inoculum from cows
- Dused inoculum from sheep
- Ewas for smallpox and used inoculum from cows
44Passive immunity is accomplished by transfer of this type of antibody.
- AIgA
- BIgE
- CIgG
- DIgM
- Eall of the above answers
45Which of the following is not accomplished by antibodies?
- Aneutralization of bacterial toxins
- Bdirect destruction of foreign cells
- Cactivation of the complement system
- Denhancement of phagocytesis
- Estimulation of filler (K) cells
46IgM immunoglobulin
- Aserves as the B-cell surface receptor for antigen attachment
- Bis found in milk and tears
- Cmediates common allegies suc as high fever, asthma, and hives
- Dis the most abundant antibody produced by plasma cells
- Eis specific for vial invaders
47The antigen-binding fragments (Fab) of antibodies are
- Alocated in the arm tips of the antibody molecule
- Blocated in the tail portion of the antibody molecule
- Cunique for each different antibody so that each antibody can interact only with an antigen that specifically matches it
- DBoth (a) and (c) above
- EBoth (b) and (c) above
48Which one of the AB0 blood groups has both antibodies of this group?
- AA
- BAB
- CB
- DO
- EOB
49Which part of the antibody is Y shaped?
- Aantigen-binding fragmentations
- Btail portion
- Clight chains
- Darm regions
- EFab regions
50Which of the following is not a way in which antibodies exert their protective influence?
- Aneutralization
- Bagglutination
- Cdirect destruction of foreign organisms
- Dactivation of the complement system
- Eenhancement of phagoccytosis
51A secondary response to an invading microorganism that has invaded a previous time is
- Alaunched by memory cells
- Bslower and weaker than the primary response
- Cmore rapid, more potent, and longer-lasting than the primary response
- DBoth (a) and (b) above
- EBoth (a) and (c) above
52Active immunity
- Ais self-generated upon exposure to antigen
- Bcan be produced only as a result of a person actually having the disease
- Cinvolves administration of preformed antibodies
- Dis shorter in duration than passive immunity
- Eis acquired in the newborn as a result of the transfer of antibodies across the placenta during intrauterine development
53Type-O blood
- Adoes not have any A or B red blood cell surface antigens
- Bcontains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
- Ccannot be transfused into individuals of any ABO blood type without a transfusion reaction involving this blood group system
- Ddoes not have any A or B red blood cell surface antigens and contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
- Eall of these answers
54Chemicals other than antibodies secreted by lymphocytes are collectively known as
- Alymphokines
- Bantigens
- Copsonins
- Dcomplement factors
- Elymphogenous mediators
55Erythroblastosis fetalis can develop between an Rh ____ mother and Rh ____ fetus.
- Anegative, negative
- Bneutral, negative
- Cnegative, positive
- Dpositive, negative
- Epositive, positive
56Which of the following does not apply to macrophages? Macrophages
- Aparticipate in inflammation
- Bprocess and present antigen to lymphocytes
- Csecrete antibodies
- Dsecrete interleukin 1
- Eparticipae in immune surveillance against cancer
57Dendritic cells
- Aare neurons
- Bparticipate in the inflammation response
- Care specialized for phagocytosis of worms
- Dare specialized antigen-presenting cells
- Enone of the above
58Which of the following is not secreted by helper T cells?
- Ainterleukin 2
- Bperforin
- Cmacrophage-migration inhibition factor
- DB-cell growth factor
- ET-cell growth factor
59____T cells release perforin
- Acytotoxic
- Bhelper
- Csuppressor
- Dregulatory
- Einhibitory
60What type of immune defense cell is selectively invaded by AIDS virus?
- Acytotoxic T cells
- Bhelper T cells
- Csuppressor T cells
- Dmacrophages
- Eneutrophils
61Cytotoxic T cells
- Aare not the most numerous of the T cells
- Bsecrete B-cell growth factor and T-cell growth factor
- Cconger greater phagocytic properties on macrophages, converting them into angry macrophages
- Drelease antigens
- Ebind with class II MHC glycoproteins
62Lymphocytes respond only to antigens that have been processed and presented to them by
- Aneutrophils
- Beosiniphils
- Cmacrophages
- Dhelper T cells
- Einterleukin 2
63HLA antigens are
- Aplasma membrane-bound glycoproteins
- Bcoded for by the major histocompatibility complex
- Cpresent only on the surface of leukocytes
- Dtwo of these answers
- Eall of these answers
64T cells
- Abind with free extracellular antigen
- Bbind with HLA self-antigens only when they are in association with a foreing antigen
- Care responsible for cell-mediated immunity
- DBoth (a) and (c) above
- EBoth (b) and (c) above
65Which of the following statements regarding T cells is incorrect?
- Acytotoxic T cells release chemicals that destroy trageted cells
- Bhelper T cells enhance the activity of other T cells and B cells
- Csuppressor T cells are believed to play an important role in tolerance to self-antigens
- Dhelper T cells can combine only with host cells bearing both foreign antigen and class I MHC-encoded self-antigens on their surface
- Ethe majority of T cells are helper T cells
66Which chemical induces prolonged contraction of smooth muscle during allergic reactions?
- Abasophil chemotactic factor
- Beosinophil chemotactic factor
- Chistamine
- DSRS-A
- ETP-2
67Which of the following does not play a direct role in immune surveillance against cancer?
- AB cells
- Bnatural killer cells
- Cmacrophages
- Dcytotoxic T cells
- Einterferon
68Which of the following is not secreted by helper T cells?
- AB-cell growth factor
- BT-cell growth factor
- Cinterleukin 1
- Dinterleukin 2
- Emacrophage migration inhibition factor
69With ___, the body fails to recognize and tolerate particular self-antigens.
- Adelayed ypersensitivity
- Bautoimmune disease
- Cimmune-complex disease
- Dimmediate hypersensitivity
- Einflammation
70Which of the following statements concerning cancer cells is incorrect?
- Acancer cells arise only when multiple independent mutations occur within the same cell
- Bcancer cells lack the ability to perform the specialized functions of the normal cell-type from which they mutated
- Cthe body has no means by which to defend against cancer cells
- Dcancer cells usually do not adhere well to neighboring cells, so some of them may break a way from the parent tumor
- Eall of these answers
71Which of the following does not help defend against cancer?
- Ainterferon
- Bmacrophages
- Cnatural killer cells
- Dcytotoxic T cells
- Eantibodies
72Which of the following is not a possible cause of autoimmune disease?
- Areduction in suppressor T cell activity
- Bprolonged treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs
- Cexposure of normally inaccessible self-antigens
- Dmodification of normal self-antigens
- Eexposure of the immune system to a foreign antigen almost identical structurally to a self-antigen
73Which of the following does not characterize immediate hypersensitivity?
- Ait is mediated by T cells
- Bit involves IgE antibodies
- CIt occurs within 20 minutes of exposure to the allergen
- Dit usually involves allergic responses to inhaled or ingested allergens
- Eit includes hay fever, sthma, and hives
74The epidermis
- Ahas an outermost keratinized layer that is tough, airtight, and fairly waterproof
- Bcontains melanocytes, keratinocytes, langerhans cells, granstein cells and transient T lymphocytes
- Chas a richly vascularized inner layer
- Dboth (a) and (b) above
- Eall of these answers
75Which of the following is not found in the epidermis?
- Ablood vessels whose calibre can be adjusted as part of the temperature regulatory mechanisms
- Bkeratinocytes
- Cmelanocytes
- Dlangerhans cells
- EGranstein cells
76Keratinocytes
- Aform the outer protective layer of the skin
- Bsecrete interleukin 1
- Cpresent antigen to helper T cells
- Dboth (a) and (b) above
- Eall of these answers
77Which cell type in the epidermis produces a pigment that absorbs ultraviolet light?
- Akeratinocyte
- Bmelanocyte
- Clangerhans cell
- Dgranstein cell
- Esebaceous cell
78Which of the following does not contribute to defense of the respiratory system?
- Acoughs and sneezes
- Bcilia-propelled mucus escalator
- Calveolar macrophages
- Dnormal microbial population of the lungs
- EIgA antibodies
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- IB Physiology Quiz on Body Defense , created by Eva Setién on 02/12/2022.
- Author
- Eva Setién
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- Español
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