Chapter 1 (Part 3)

I. Minerals Versus Rocks

   A. Mineral Definition

      1. Naturally occurring

      2. Inorganic

      3.Solid

      4. Have a definite chemical structure

   B.Nearly 4000 known minerals

   C.Rocks are aggregates of minerals

II. Composition and structure of minerals

   A. Elements

      1.Basic building blocks on minerals

      2. Over  100 are known

   B.Atoms 

      1.Smallest particles of matter

      2.Have all the characteristics of an element 

III. How atoms are constructed 

   A. Nucleus, which contains 

      1.Protons- positive electrical charges

      2.Neutrons- neutral electrical charges

   B. Atomic Numbers is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus    

   C.Bonding of Atoms

      1.Forms a compound with two or more elements

      2. Ions are atoms that gain or lose electrons 

   D.Isotopes

      1.Have varying number of neutrons 

      2.Have different mass numbers - the sum of the neutrons plus the protons 

      3. Many isotopes are radioactive and emit energy and particles