Chapter (Part 3)

Chapter 2: (Picture of ________)

 

III. Sedimentary Rocks 

   A.Form from sediment 

   B.Form about 75% of the rock outcrops on the continents

   C.Used to construct much of Earth's history

      1. Clues to past environment

      2.Provide information about sediment transport

      3.Rocks often contain fossils 

   D.Economic importance 

      1.Coal

      2. Petroleum and natural gas

      3.Sources of iron and aluminum

   E. Classification 

      1.

            a.Detrital Rocks

               1.Material is solid particles/Classified by particle size

               2.Common rocks are

               3.Shale 

               4.Sandstone

               5.Conglomerate

               6.Siltstone

            b.Chemical Rocks

               1.Derived from material that was once in solution and precipitates to form sediment

               2.Through life processes

               3.Common rocks are

                  a. Limestone

                  b.Travertine

                  c.Microcrystalline quartz

                  d.Evaporites

                     1.Rock Salt

                     2.Gypsum

                  e.Coal

                     1.Lignite

                     2.Bituminous

   F.Produced through lithification 

      1.Loose sediments are transformed into solid rock

      2.Lithification processes 

         a.Compaction

         b.Cementation by the materials 

            1.Calcite

            2.Silica

            3.Iron Oxide

   G. Features 

      1.Strata or beds

      2.Bedding planes separate strata

      3.Fossils

         a.Traces or remains of prehistoric life

         b.Are the most important inclusions

         c.Determine past environment

         d. Used as time indicators

         e. Matching rocks from different places