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Quiz

Conservation

sophie waddington 29 Fragen

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  1. 1[blank_start]biodiversity[blank_end] = "Biological diversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, among other things, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
    - essentially biodiversity is the diversity [blank_start]within[blank_end] and between species and [blank_start]ecosystems[blank_end]
    1. Abiodiversity
    2. Bwithin
    3. Cecosystems
  2. 2why do we need conservation science?
    - over the years the number of species assessed as threatened has [blank_start]increased[blank_end]
    - not all species are assessed, but those that has, the number of threatened have increase

    e.g. as of 2016 85,604 species had been assessed of which 24,307 were [blank_start]threatened[blank_end]

    now 96,000 species have been assessed > we need to know more about species to know about the threats to species

    Conservation science is also important for now extinction rates exceed [blank_start]background[blank_end] rates of extinction > naturally, as more species evolve, we do naturally lose some (extinction can be natural)
    - there are more than 400,000 species of plant species
    - 2-11 million animal species depending on the source
    - fossil records, phylogenies and data on net diversification estimate the background rate of extinction to be [blank_start]0.1[blank_end] extinctions/per [blank_start]million[blank_end] species-years > this is expected as part of dynamic nature    Bild zu Frage 2
    1. Aincreased
    2. Bthreatened
    3. Cbackground
    4. D0.1
    5. Emillion
  3. 3Extinction rates have increased: looking at 3 taxonomic groups: birds, reptiles and mammals
    - extinction rates are increasing in [blank_start]all[blank_end] of these groups, Pimm et al.

    Bild zu Frage 3
    1. Aall
  4. 4Comparison to previous mass extinction events
    - at several times in the past there were mass extinctions: more than [blank_start]75[blank_end]% of the species have been lost
    - there have been [blank_start]5[blank_end] mass extinction events in the past caused by geological events
    - in these extinction events extinction rates increased compared to background extinction rate (more that 75%)

    these values are estimates but the highest mass extinction was the [blank_start]Ordovician[blank_end] event in which it was estimated that 86% of species were lost
    Bild zu Frage 4
    1. AOrdovician
    2. B75
    3. C5
  5. 5We are not quite currently in the 6th mass extinction
    - the international union for [blank_start]conservation[blank_end] of nature assessed the extinction magnitude of a wide range of taxa, and compared it to the [blank_start]75[blank_end]% bench mark of 'global mass extinction'
    - the most threatened/near the 75% extinction bench mark are the [blank_start]cycadopsida[blank_end] which are commonly know as cycads
    - although we are not yet in the 6th global mass extinction, the extinction rates are much higher than background rates of extinction
    Bild zu Frage 5
    1. Aconservation
    2. B75
    3. Ccycadopsida
  6. 6The [blank_start]Anthropocene[blank_end]: the most common geological time period, in which humans are influencing the earth (anthropogenic effects)
    - Anthropocene: '[blank_start]human[blank_end] activity has been a geologically recent, yet profound, influence on the global environment, including land surface transformation and changing composition of the atmosphere'

    there are 2 criteria/arguments as to when the Anthropocene geological/most recent period began
    1. [blank_start]1610[blank_end] = in 1610 [blank_start]carbon[blank_end] dioxide concentrations were very low and have been increasing since then
    2. [blank_start]1964[blank_end] = in 1964 this was the peak of [blank_start]nuclear[blank_end] activity
    1. AAnthropocene
    2. Bhuman
    3. C1610
    4. Dcarbon
    5. E1964
    6. Fnuclear
  7. 7What are the biggest drives for biodiversity loss?
    e.g. [blank_start]logging[blank_end] (cutting trees for timber), poaching, agriculture, climate change, urban development

    [blank_start]Sala[blank_end] et al. 2000 Science: sala's classic biodiversity scenarios
    - looked at the dominant drivers of biodiversity loss between different geographic regions
    - [blank_start]land[blank_end] use came out as the biggest driver in the majority of locations e.g. through agriculture and logging
    - the second biggest driver Sala found was [blank_start]climate[blank_end] change
    - there are differences in the most influential drivers between the biomes

    N temp = northern temperate forests    Bild zu Frage 7
    1. Alogging
    2. BSala
    3. Cland
    4. Dclimate
  8. 8Biggest threats to mammals: more recent papers e.g. [blank_start]Maxwell[blank_end] et al. 2015
    - looked at all the threats to [blank_start]mammals[blank_end] and which effected most species
    - over exploitation e.g. logging, hunting was found to be the biggest threat to mammals
    - the second threat to mammals was [blank_start]agriculture[blank_end] e.g. crop farming
    - maxwell et al. 2015 found that [blank_start]climate[blank_end] change is quite a small threat > however, the threat of climate change is quite hard to measure as hard to see/determine the effects    Bild zu Frage 8
    1. AMaxwell
    2. Bmammals
    3. Cagriculture
    4. Dclimate
  9. 9Recent extinction examples: could not be extinct, however have not been seen
    - [blank_start]golden[blank_end] toad was declared extinct in 1989, found commonly in costa rica > threatened by pollution and [blank_start]climate[blank_end] change

    - Yangste River [blank_start]dolphin[blank_end] declared in 2006 > threatened by dam building, changes to natural environment and over fishing

    - Western black [blank_start]rhino[blank_end] = 2011

    - [blank_start]Pyrenean[blank_end] ibex 2000, due to over hunting    Bild zu Frage 9
    1. Agolden
    2. Bclimate
    3. Cdolphin
    4. Drhino
    5. EPyrenean
  10. 10What is conservation science?
    what is conservation [blank_start]biology[blank_end] = a vision of a new discipline that addresses the dynamics and problems of perturbed/concerned species, communities and ecosystems
    - in 1985 conservation biology was key, as Michael [blank_start]soule[blank_end] came out with a key paper
    - so in [blank_start]1985[blank_end] Soule promoted the idea of conservation biology through a key paper
    - the idea at the time was that humans were disturbing the natural environment

    2012 = in [blank_start]2012[blank_end] the view changed to conservation [blank_start]science[blank_end] > a broader framework recognising that ecological dynamics cannot be separated from human dynamics
    - Peter [blank_start]Kareiva[blank_end] and Michelle Marvier
    - Peter Kareiva and Michelle [blank_start]Marvier[blank_end] highlighted that natural systems are [blank_start]not[blank_end] separate from human systems, they both effect one another
    1. Abiology
    2. Bsoule
    3. C1985
    4. D2012
    5. Escience
    6. FKareiva
    7. GMarvier
    8. Hnot

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Beschreibung
Conservation Quiz am Conservation, erstellt von sophie waddington am 29/01/2019.
Sprache
English
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Schlagwörter
conservation
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