Quiz
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
Fragen in diesem Quiz (16)
1The functional kidney is associated with which embryonic organ?
- AMetanephros
- BMesonephros
- CPronephros
- DEndonephros
2When does urine formation and excretion begin?
- AAt birth
- BBy 3 months’ gestation
- CBy 6 months’ gestation
- DBy 8 months’ gestation
3Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a
greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child
compared with that of an adult?- AEdema development is less of a problem.
- BOverhydration is not difficult to manage.
- CDaily fluid requirements are greater.
- DThe control of dehydration is more difficult.
4What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on
the undersurface of the penis?- AHypospadias
- BEpispadias
- CHyperspadias
- DChordee
5What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
- ALysosomal enzymes
- BEndotoxins from Streptococcus
- CImmune complexes
- DImmunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated response
6Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for
which bacteria?- AStaphylococcus aureus
- BStreptococcus
- CPseudomonas aeruginosa
- DHaemophilus
7A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored
urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the
professional is best?- APresence of red blood cells
- BPresence of urobilinogen
- CSlough from the collecting tubules
- DProtein in the urine
8In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in
which location?- AJuxtamedullary nephrons
- BGlomerulus basement membranes
- CMesangium of the glomerular capillaries
- DParietal epithelium
9What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of
hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?- AImmunoglobulin A (IgA) coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys.
- BVerotoxin from Escherichia coli is absorbed from the intestines and damages
erythrocytes and endothelial cells. - CEndotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow.
- DFailure of the nephron to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen, which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen.
10What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
- APeriorbital edema
- BScrotal or labial edema
- CFrothy urine
- DAscites
11Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?
- ASystemic blood that is filtered through the kidney
- BBacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys
- CBacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder
- DColonization of the bladder when urine is static
12What causes vesicoureteral reflux to occur in children?
- AChildren do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner, and urine is forced up into the ureters.
- BThe submucosal segment of a child’s ureter is short, making the antireflux
mechanism inefficient. - CThe trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is
underdeveloped in children. - DAs the bladder fills in infants and children, it pulls the smooth lining of the
transitional epithelium away from the ureters, making the reflux valves ineffective.
13What is the mechanism for developing Wilms tumor?
- AIt involves tumor-suppressor genes located on chromosome 11.
- BDevelopment involves an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
- CWilms tumor is an autoimmune disorder
- DThe development of a Wilms tumor is a congenital anomaly.
14Which anomaly is often associated with Wilms tumor?
- ARenal anaplasia
- BAniridia
- CAnemia
- DHypothyroidism
15A healthcare professional has taught a parent group about the causes of enuresis. What
statement by a parent indicates the professional needs to give more information?- AA maturational lag may cause enuresis
- BEnuresis may be related to increased light sleep.
- CObstructive sleep apnea may be a symptom of enuresis.
- DElevated nocturnal levels of vasopressin may cause enuresis.
16When does an individual have their full complement of renal nephrons?
- AAt birth
- BAt 6 months of age
- CAt puberty
- DBetween the ages 18 and 21 years
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition
- Autor
- Emily Doyle
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 271
- Schlagwörter
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