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1Phonology is the function and patterning of sounds, how sounds and meaning are connected.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
2[blank_start]Phonemes[blank_end]: distinctive sounds of a given language, in that they can distinguish words by contrasting to another phoneme. Phonemes are real, mental, underlying units-regardless of pronunciation, they are language specific
- APhonemes
3[blank_start]Allophones[blank_end]: variants of a phoneme, usually in complementary distribution and phonetically similar.
- AAllophones
4Minimal pairs are a pair of words (not spelling!) that differ in only one slot
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
5What are the two types of distribution of segments in contrast?
- AComplementary
- BContrastive
- CClass
6[blank_start]Complementary Distribution[blank_end]: two sounds always occur in different environments and never occur in the same environment and are phonetically similar = 2 phones belong to the same phoneme (allophones of the same phoneme) you can predict which allophone occurs based on environment
- AComplementary Distribution
7[blank_start]Contrastive Distribution[blank_end]: relationship between two sounds where both elements are found in the same environment with a change in meaning and are two separate sounds, minimal pairs are best example = 2 phones belong to separate phoneme. Same environment, different sound, difference in word. Not possible to predict which one occurs
- AContrastive Distribution
8[blank_start]Free Variation[blank_end]: two or more sounds appearing in the same environment without a change in meaning = 2 sounds are allophones of the same phoneme
- AFree Variation
9To determine whether phones contrast:
1. [blank_start]look for minimal pairs[blank_end]
a. these establish which are in contrastive distribution
2. see if sounds are in complementary distribution
a. list environments in which sounds occur
3. If they are=allophones of the same phoneme
4. Determine which phoneme they derive from
a. Select the widest distribution allophone as basic
5. Determine phonological rule that accounts for predictable features of other allophones- Alook for minimal pairs
10[blank_start]Features[blank_end]: basic building blocks of articulation, allow cross-references, reflect important distinctions and processes
- AFeatures
11Natural classes: classes of sound that share a feature or features and that pattern together in a sound system. Nine natural classes; obstruent’s, stops, fricatives, voiceless obstruent’s, voiced obstruent’s, voiceless stops, voiced stops, voiceless fricatives, voiced fricatives.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
12Syllables are...
- Aa set of constraints on how letters are put together
- Ba basic unit of morphemes/word, one sonorous segment (nucleus) plus optional less sonorous segments.
- Cbasic allophones
13[blank_start]Phonotactics[blank_end]: set of constraints on how syllables are put together in a given language. Ex. Croissant, /h/ can only occur in onsets, /engma/ can only occur in codas, lax vowels ending syllables
- APhonotactics
14Morphophonemic rules apply _____
- AAnywhere the phonemic environment exists
- Bonly to specific morphemes or in specific morphemes
- CWhenever the hell you feel like using them
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- Beschreibung
- Linguistics Quiz am Ohne Titel, erstellt von Ella Hall am 18/11/2016.
- Autor
- Ella Hall
- Sprache
- English
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