Karteikarten
Fractures / Dislocations
Karten in diesem Stapel (30)
- 1List first aid steps for a fracture- Control bleeding
- Cover any wounds
- Check for warmth / pulse to extremities. If no circulation, gently adjust position of limb until pulse returns.
- Check for fractures: open, closed, complicated
- Ask patient not to move injured part
- Immobilise fracture at the joints above and below with broad bandages
- For leg fracture, immobilise foot and ankle
- For arm / collarbone fracture, apply appropriate sling
- If oxygen is available, give up to 8L/min
- Do not place pressure over fracture site
- Watch for signs of loss of circulation to the foot or hand - 2How do you immobilise a fracture?- use bandages to prevent movement at joints above and below the fracture
- place a padded splint along injured limb
- place padding between the splint and he natural contours of the body and secure firmly
- check that bandages are not too tight (or too loose) every 15 mins - 3List first aid steps for a dislocation- control bleeding
- cover any wounds
- if injury is to a limb, check circulation and if absent move limb gently to try to restore it
- ask patient not to move injured part
- elevate joint using soft padding and bandages
- apply ice directly over joint
- if a shoulder, support arm in position of least discomfort and apply ice
- if a wrist, support in a sling and apply ice - 4If in doubt whether the injury is a fracture, dislocation, sprain or strain, what should you treat as?Fracture
- 5What is an incomplete fracture?- green-stick fracture
- may extend only part way through the bone, splitting the bone on one side and bending it on the other side - 6Who do incomplete fractures occur in?Children, where the bones are soft and pliable
- 7Define pliableEasily bent / flexible
- 8What is a complete fracture?Where the bone is broken into at least 2 parts
- 9What is a comminuted fracture?Where the bone is broken into more than 2 fragments
- 10Define: a) Direct fracture b) Indirect fracturea) Where the bone breaks at the point where it receives a blow
b) Where the force of the blow may travel from the point of impact through part of the body and cause a bone to fracture elsewhere - 11Define crepitusA grating sound heard or felt as the bones rub against each other
- 12What are fractures classified into?- closed
- open
- complicated - 13What is a closed fracture?- the skin over the bone is not broken
- there may be internal damage - 14What is an open fracture?- the skin over the bone is broken
- in severe cases, the bone may protrude through the skin
- risk of infection high
- also known as a compound fracture - 15What is another name for an open fracture?Compound fracture
- 16What is a complicated fracture?- both open and closed fractures may be complicated when there is associated injury to a major nerve, blood vessels or vital organ
- e.g. when a broken rib punctures a lung - 17What are the aims of fracture management?- immobilise injured part in order to lessen pain
- reduce serious bleeding and shock
- prevent further internal / external damage
- prevent a closed fracture from becoming an open fracture - 18List some general principles of using splints- splint injury as closely as possible to the anatomically correct position
- make sure splint extends beyond the injured area in both directions, ideally to immobilise the joints both above and below the fracture / injury
- apply bandages above and below injured area
- check patient's circulation regularly, both in the limb and the rest of the body
- pad the splints to reduce discomfort and prevent further injury - 19Fractured forearm splint
- 20Fractured finger splint
- 21List first aid management of fractured ribsConscious patient:
- place in a comfortable position (normally half-sitting and leaning to the injured side, if other injuries permit)
- encourage patient to breathe with short breaths
- gently place ample padding over injured area
Unconscious patient:
- lie patient on injured side, in recovery position - 22List first aid management for a fractured pelvis- check for pulses in both legs
- place patient flat on back if conscious with knees bent and elevate lower legs slightly, supporting on pillows or similar (a pillow may be used under the head to increase comfort)
- remove contents of pockets
- support pelvis on either side with rolled blankets
- discourage attempts to urinate - 23What does a dislocation always result in?Tearing of the ligaments which normally hold the joint in the correct position
- 24What are fractured ribs associated with?Extreme pain that gets worse when the casualty breathes in / out, coughs, laughs, or makes any sudden movement
- 25List first aid for a fracture jaw- sit casualty leaning slightly forward
- rest injured jaw on a pad held by casualty - 26List appropriate slings for: a) Fractured lower arm b) Fractured upper arm c) Fractured collar bonea) Arm sling
b) Collar and cuff sling
c) Elevated sling - 27Arm sling image
- 28Collar and cuff sling image
- 29Elevated sling
- 30Which acronym helps to remember the signs / symptoms of a fracture?PILSDUCT
P - Pain
I - Irregularity (the contour of the limb may be abnormal)
L - Loss of function / power
S - Swelling
D - Deformity
U - Unnatural movement / position
C - Crepitus (grating sensation with movement felt by the patient or during palpation by the first aider)
T - Tenderness
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- First Aid Conditions Karteikarten am Fractures / Dislocations, erstellt von Emily Dening am 27/11/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Emily Dening
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