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- 1When did Freud create psychodynamic theory?1962
- 2Definition of the human psychethe totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious. Psychology is the scientific or objective study of the psyche.
- 3Idthe part of the mind in which innate instinctive impulses and primary processes are manifest.
- 4Egothe psychological component of the personality that is represented by our conscious decision-making process.
- 5Superegothe social component of our personality that is represented by our morals and is based on our ideal of perfection.
- 6Consciouscontains all of the thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes of which we are aware at any given moment. This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about rationally.
- 7Preconsciousconsists of anything that could potentially be brought into the conscious mind.
- 8Unconsciousa reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. Most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict. According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence our behavior and experience, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences.
- 9Defence mechanisman unconscious means of coping with anxiety implemented by the ego.
- 10Little HansFreud claimed that Hans was experiencing the Oedipus complex. He unconsciously sexually desired his mother and saw his father as a rival and feared castration. He displaced his fear of his father on to horses. The white horse with black around its mouth represented his father who had a dark beard. His fear of being bitten by a horse represented his fear of castration and his fear of horses falling down was his unconscious desires to see his father dead.
- 11Fenichel (1945)He proposed a revisionist idea that defence mechanisms are actually designed to protect self-esteem.
- 12Dutton & Lake (1973)a study on non-prejudiced, egalitarian, white participants. The participants were presented with false physiological feedback after seeing an interracial couple, implicitly suggesting that they held racist prejudices. After the participants left the building were accosted by a black panhandler. The participants who were in this experimental condition and were implicitly accused of being racist gave the panhandler significantly more money than the control condition.
- 13Myers (2000)repression was real and comprised of low trait anxiety scores and high defensiveness scores. These variables are correlated with adverse health outcomes (including impaired immune functioning and high blood cholesterol).
- 14Myers and Brewin (1996)investigated whether repressors would display “illusions of invulnerability,”to a greater extent than non-repressors. This was investigated with two illusions: unrealistic optimism or optimistic bias, and overly positive self-evaluations. Using self-report measures, repressors showed both of these illusions to a significantly greater extent
- 15Hokanson, Burgess, and Cohen (1963)subjects were frustrated (or not) by the experimenter and then given an opportunity to aggress against the experimenter, the experimenter’s assistant, a psychology student, or no one. The experiment yielded a marginal main effect for frustration, insofar as frustrated subjects were more aggressive than others, but the target made no difference.
- 16Bushman and Baumeister (1998)studied aggressive responses to an ego threat as a function of narcissism. Narcissists became more aggressive toward someone who had insulted them, but neither narcissists nor non-narcissists showed any increased aggression toward a third person.
- 17Eagle, Wolitzky & Klein, 1966‘perception without awareness’ involved using a tachistoscope which allowed experimenters to flash an image of a duck very quickly so participants cannot consciously perceive it. Participants are then asked to close their eyes, imagine a nature scene, draw the scene, and label the parts - they drew a duck
- 18JungPrinciple of opposites (conscious and unconscious)
Pscyhe = ego, personal unconscious, collective unconscious, and archetypes
Extraversion & Introversion personality types - 19Principle of oppositeJung's idea that the conscious and unconscious forces are continually opposed to each other and thereby create energy. For example, there is love and hate in a relationship and that is why there is a huge amount of murders within relationships
- 20Personal UnconsciousJung's part of the psyche that contains all our personal experiences that have been blocked from out awareness because they are unacceptable.
- 21Collective unconsciousJung's part of the psyche that refers to the thoughts that are species specific. Delusions, hallucinations and dreams from schizophrenics that Jung observed were all very similar, and they were similar to the myths and fantasies that appear in ancient cultures and in contemporary culture. This has origins in human evolutionary development, it is innate, and repository of inheritors instincts.
- 22ArchetypesJung's part of the psyche that are the universal themes or symbols within the collective unconscious. They are sometimes projected into our current real-life experiences.
- 23Extraversionoutgoing, candid and accommodating nature that adapts easily to any given situation, quickly forms attachments, and setting aside any possible misgivings. The flow of psychic energy is outward with the contents of the conscious referring mainly to external objects
- 24Introversionreflective retiring natures that keeps themselves to themselves, always slightly on the defensive. The flow of psychic energy is inward with the conscious contents is mainly about themselves
- 25Myers-Briggs Type indicatorDeveloped to test for Jung's personality types
It is still used frequently in occupational setting and in research studies, demonstrating that different personality types pursue different interests, report different memories and have different job preferences among other things (Kuipers et al, 2009). - 26What are the four stages Jung's therapy?Confession, elucidation (understand the nature of their problems), education (ways to develop and become more satisfied) & transformation (achieves the balance)
- 27AdlerAn essential unity in the personality
Social context in personality development and in the current functioning of the individual
Inferiority complex
Birth order
Health individuals have social interest - 28Inferiority complexAdler's belief that if someone had an inferior organ (mute as a child) that they would try to compensate for it (become a speaker as an adult). He then widened this to include the idea that we all feel inferior in some way, psychologically and socially, beginning at birth and continuing throughout our childhood.
- 29Birth OrderAdler's idea that birth order contributes significantly to the development of an individuals style of life. Each child is treated uniquely within the family depending on their order of birth. If a child is neglected or rejected, or pampered then they are likely to develop a neurotic personality (inaccurate under or over self-evaluations) and adapt defensive strategies to cover themselves with their main focus being themselves.
- 30Social interestA concept created by Adler which is not translatable to English but kind of means feeling social or communal with a need to cooperate with others. This has been further developed by Crandall (1975) who reported that those with high positive social interested are less self-centred, less hostile and aggressive, and more cooperative.
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- Karteikarten am Ohne Titel, erstellt von Reagan McDade am 18/04/2018.
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- Reagan McDade · Apr 2018
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- 18 Apr 2018
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