Karteikarten
risk, vulnerability and perceptions
Karten in diesem Stapel (23)
- 1define a natural hazardevents which are perceived to be a threat to people, the built environment and the natural environment. They occur in physical environments of the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere
- 2what are the different types of natural hazards ?- geophysical hazard caused by land processes (earthquake, volcanoes, tsunamis)
- atmospheric, caused by climatic processes (hurricanes/cyclone, droughts, storms, wildfires)
- hydrological, caused by water movement (floods, avalanches) - 3natural hazards and their effects on people, tend to have following common characteristics such as ?- each have clear and distinctive effects
- little or no warning
- exposure to risks may be involuntary
- most damage and loss of life occurs shortly after the hazard , but impacts may last into the future
- their scale and impact requires an emergency response - 4what is risk ?the exposure of people to a hazardous event presenting a potential threat to themselves, their possessions and the built environment in which they live
- 5some people put themselves consciously at risk : reasons include : hazard events are unpredictable - what is meant by this ?we cannot predict the frequency, magnitude or scale of a natural hazard event
- 6some people put themselves consciously at risk : reasons include : due to social, political, economic and cultural factors, people cannot simply uproot themselves from one place and move to another - what could this be simplified as ?lack of alternatives
- 7some people put themselves consciously at risk : reasons include : changing the level of risk - what is meant by this ? give an example?places that were once relatively safe may have become more , through time, far more at risk
deforestation could result in more flooding from torrential rain associated with tropical storms and there could also be greater risk from landslides - 8some people put themselves consciously at risk : reasons include : there are many hazardous areas that offer what ?advantages that in peoples minds outweigh the risk that they are taking
- 9some people put themselves consciously at risk : reasons include : what also is another reason ?perception
- 10vulnerability to physical hazards means the potential for what ?loss
- 11since losses vary geographically, over time and among different social groups, vulnerability thus varies ??over time and space
- 12peoples wealth and level of technology they can apply do affect what ?the degree to which the hazard event will impact upon them
- 13richer people and countries can protect themselves how ?by building sea defences, constructing earthquake resistant buildings , providing better emergency services
- 14richer countries / people can also be better prepared by being made more aware of the risk through education - the people in cities in poorer countries are more vulnerable why ?as such urban areas have grown more and more people have been forced to live in hazardous areas such as very steep hillsides that are prone to landslides
- 15people react to the threat of hazards in different ways because of the way in which individuals receive and process information, perception is influenced by many factors - list these- socio-economic status
- level of education
- occupation / employment status
- religion, cultural/ethnic background
- family and marital status
- past experience
- values personality and expectations - 16perception of a hazard will ultimately determine what ?the course taken by individuals in oder to modify the event or the responses they expect from governments and other organisations
- 17there is often a great difference in the perception of a hazard between peoples of differing levels of what ?economic development
- 18in wealthier areas there is a sense that the better that you are prepared the more able you will be to withstand the impact of the hazard perhaps even what ?even prevent the disaster from taking place
- 19define perceptionthe way in which an individual or groups views the threat of a hazard event - this will determine the course of action taken by individuals or the response they expect from governments and other organisations
- 20the sense of helplessness in the face of natural hazards tends to increase with what ?the level of poverty and the deprivation of people
- 21define the perception of fatalisma view of a hazard event that suggests that people cannot influence or shape the outcome thus nothing can be done to mitigate against it - people with such an attitude put in place limited or no preventative measures - in some parts of the world the outcome of a hazard event can be said to be 'gods will'
- 22define the perception of adaptionpeople see that they can prepare for and thus survive the events by prediction, prevention and/or protection, depending upon the economic and technological circumstances of the area in question
- 23define the perception of fearthe perception of the hazard is such that people feel so vulnerable to an even that they are no longer able to face living in the area and move away to regions perceived to be unaffected by the hazard
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- A level Geography - physical (hazards) Karteikarten am risk, vulnerability and perceptions , erstellt von niamh bergin am 22/04/2018.
- Erstellt von
- niamh bergin
- Aufrufe
- 1
- Bewertung