Karteikarten
Soft Engineering
Karten in diesem Stapel (12)
- 1Give 4 advantages of soft engineeringLess obvious
Less intrusive
Cheaper in the long term
Works with natural processes - 2Define BEACH NOURISHMENTArtificially replenishing the sediment on a beach- can range from a few truck loads to sediment to multi-million pound schemes
- 3What does enlarging the beach and replacing the sediment lost by erosion do?Dissipates wave energy (as wave breaks-swash runs up the beach and energy lost due to a combination of the slope of the beach and water draining into sediment) and decreases wave erosion
- 4What does adding fresh sand also do for the area? Why is the material used a benefit?Increases amenity value of beaches
Sand/gravel-natural - 5What is the cost dependant on? (2) What is the typical cost per km of beach?-Transport costs
-Volume needed
£2m - 6State 2 issues with beach nourishment (cost and care)- Ongoing costs are high; new sediment required every few years- sand removed
-Care needed to find sustainable source of sediment- often dredged from offshore and pumped on to the beach- must not impact on wider coastal sediment cell - 7Give 2 other names for CLIFF STABALISATION One advantage and one disadvantageCliff re-grading and drainage
Costly but less intrusive than large-scale cliff-foot defences - 8Name 5 engineering solutions used -Slope stabalisation -Reducing pore water pressure -Stable angle -Erosion prevention -Anchoring of armour and rock within the cliff-Vegetation planted through a tough, flexible geo-textile membrane to keep soil in place
-In-cliff drainage pipes- channel ground-water out of cliff
-Regrading- cuts cliff slope
-Rock armour and revetments at toe of cliff
Rock bolts - 9Why is DUNE STABILISATION so important? 3 reasonsWhere sand dunes fringe the coast they:
1) Absorb wave energy and prevent erosion
2) Protect low-lying areas from flooding
3) Unique and valuable habitats for flowering plants, insects and reptiles - 10Benefits of managing minor degredation of dunes? Disadvantages of working to maintain the natural sand dunes in long term? Cost of replanting dunes per 100mLow-cost, low-impact
Very costly
£1000 - 11Name 6 ways to accomplish DUNE STABALISATION- Wooden boardwalks in high-traffic areas
-Education boards
-Fences- reduce wind speed and encourage deposition of sand as well as reduce trampling
-Old Christmas trees
-Sand replenished
-Marram and lyme grass replanting to colonise bare sands - 12CASE STUDIES: Birling Gap, Rottingdean and Seaford- coastal managementSee QUIZ
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- Beschreibung
- AS level Geography Karteikarten am Soft Engineering, erstellt von Hana Konig am 26/04/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Hana Konig
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