Karteikarten
Evolution Test
Karten in diesem Stapel (56)
- 1Jean-Baptiste LamarckHe believed evolution would happen by acquired traits
Creatures develop their traits and then give them to their offspring
This was not accepted as valid - 2Charles DarwinHe believed that giraffes that already have long necks will survive better
This would leave more offspring who inherit their long necks.
Concluded based on variation, selection and survival, and reproduction and inheritance of more fit traits
Accepted as valid - 3Natural SelectionOrganisms with traits well suited to an environment are more likely to survive and produce more offspring than organisms without those favorable traits
- 4What factors drive evolution?Overproduction
Variation
Selection
Competition - 5Because of natural selection, what organisms can adapt to their environment?Populations of organisms
- 6Survival of the FittestOrganisms with traits that make them well adapted, or suited to the environment, survive and reproduce
- 7What are Darwin's two theories?Descent with Modification
Modification by Natural Selection - 8Descent with ModificationThe newer forms appearing in the fossil record are actually the modified descendants of older species
Organisms similar to each other come from a common ancestor, while organisms more dissimilar come from a more remote ancestor - 9Modification by Natural SelectionStates how evolution occurs
Organisms having traits that make them better suited for survival tend to leave more offspring than organisms with fewer traits - 10What are the different types of evidence that support evolution?Fossils
Biogeography
Anatomical Structures
Comparative Embryology
Similarities in Macromolecules - 11FossilsFound in sedimentary rocks
Rocks with imprints of dead matter or hard body parts of an organism - 12MoldImprint in rock in the shape of an organism
- 13CastForms when mold are filled with hard minerals
- 14BiogeographyThe study of the geographical distribution of fossils and of living organisms
New organisms arise in areas when similar forms already lived - 15What are the three types of anatomical structures?Homologous Structures
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures - 16Homologous StructuresStructures that are similar but have different functions
- 17Analogous StructuresSimilar functions but differ in structure
- 18Vestigial StructuresFeatures that were useful to an ancestor, but they are not useful to the modern organism that hast them
- 19Comparative EmbryologyClosely related organisms often have similar stages in their embryonic development
All vertebrate embryos are similar - 20Similarities in MacromoleculesThe more similar homologous proteins are in different species, the more closely related the species are thought to be
- 21What are the patterns of evolution?Convergent Evolution
Coevolution
Divergent Evolution - 22Convergent EvolutionAcquiring the same biological trait independently
Example: Flight
The hummingbird and moth's last common ancestor did not have wins, they acquired them independently - 23CoevolutionChanges of two or more species in close association with each other
- 24Divergent EvolutionTwo or more related populations or species become more and more dissimilar
Divergence is nearly always a response to differing habitats and can result in new species - 25What are two divergent patterns?Adaption Radiation
Canis familiaris - 26Adaption RadiationMany related species evolve from a single ancestral species
- 27SpeciesA group of individuals that look similar and whose members are capable of producing fertile offspring in the natural environment
- 28Canis familiarisArtifical Selection (divergent pattern)
All domestic dogs are the same species - 29ClassificationThe arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
Also known as taxonomy - 30TaxonomistsScientists that identify and name organisms
- 31What are the benefits of classifying?Accurately and uniformly names organisms
Prevents misnomers such as starfish and jellyfish that aren't really fish
Uses same language for all names - 32AristotleThe First Taxonomist
Divided organisms into plants and animals
Subdivided them by their habitat - 33John RayA botanist
First to use Latin for naming
The names were very long and told us everything about the plant - 34Carolous Linnaeus18th century taxonomist
Classified organisms by their structure
Developed naming system still used today
Called the Father of Taxonomy
Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature
Two-word name - 35What were the rules for naming an organism?All must be approved by International Naming Congress
Prevents duplicated names
The International Code for Binomial Nomenclature contains all the rules - 36TaxonCategory into which related organisms are placed
Hierarchy of group from broadest to most specific.
Classification based on evolutionary relationships - 37DomainsBroadest, most inclusive taxon
Three domains
Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes
Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles - 38ArchareaFirst cells to evolve
Live in harsh environments
Found in sewage treatment plants, thermal or volcanic vents, hot springs or geysers that ae acid, and very salty water - 39EubacteriaSome may cause disease
Found in all habitats expect harsh ones
Important decomposers for environment
Commercially important in making cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc. - 40What is the domain eukarya divded into?Protista
Fungi
Plante
Animalia
*all of these are kingdoms - 41ProtistaMost are unicellular
Some are multicelluar
Some are autotrophic while others are heterotrophic
Aquatic - 42FungiMulticellular
Absorptive heterotrophs
Cell walls made of chitin - 43PlantaeMulticellular
Autotrophic
Absorb sunlight to make glucose (photosynthesis)
Cell walls made of cellulose - 44AnimaliaMulticellular
Ingestive heterotrophs
Feed on plants or animals - 45CladogramDiagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales
- 46Dichotomous KeyUsed to identify organisms
Characteristics given in pairs - 47SpeciationWhen one species evolves into another
- 48AdaptationHelps organism survive better in its enviorment
- 49EvolutionThe process by which populations change over time
- 50Selective breedingHumans select traits that will be passed from generation to another.
Also known as artificial selection - 51MutationA change in a gene at the DNA level
- 52What principles did the theroy of evolution combine?Natural selection and genetic inheritance
- 53When it comes to crickets, what does fitness mean?Overall survival so crickets could reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring
- 54Is calling good or bad for a cricket's fitness?Calling is good and bad. It is good because it attracts female crickets to them, and it's bad cause you give away your location for predators.
- 55What were some examples of selection in the cricket story?When the bat choose to eat the singing cricket
When the man stepped on the cricket
The female choose to mate with the male cricket - 56Generation TimeThe average time between two consecutive generations in the lineages of a population
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- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Evolution Test, erstellt von Amar Malik am 04/05/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Amar Malik
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