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- 1what is developmentDevelopment measures how economically, socially, environmental, culturally or technologically advanced a country is. It is a process of change that affects people's lives.
- 2distribution of GDPthe distribution of GDP is that in more industrially advanced countries there is a higher GDP and this is because they started mass production a lot earlier because of the industrial revelations that they had.
- 3MEDCs haveHigh literacy levels
High GNP
Long life expectancy
Most live in town or cities
Many work in services
Few work in agriculture - 4LEDCs havelow literacy levels
low GNP
short life expectancy
low birth rate
Most live in rural areas
most work in agriculture - 5Primary sectorthe sector of the economy concerned with or relating to primary industry.
- 6secondary sectorthe sector of the economy concerned with or relating to secondary industry
- 7tertiary sectorthe sector of an economy concerned with or relating to tertiary industry.
- 8Quaternary sectorThe quaternary sector is based on knowledge and skill. It consists of intellectual industries providing information services, such as computing and ICT (information and communication technologies), consultancy (offering advice to businesses) and R&D (research, particularly in scientific fields).
- 9globalisationGlobalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.
- 10Positive impacts of globalisationInward investment by TNCs helps countries by providing new jobs and skills for local people.
TNCs bring wealth and foreign currency to local economies when they buy local resources, products and services. The extra money created by this investment can be spent on education, health and infrastructure.
The sharing of ideas, experiences and lifestyles of people and cultures. People can experience foods and other products not previously available in their countries.
Globalisation increases awareness of events in faraway parts of the world. For example, the UK was quickly made aware of the 2004 tsunami and sent help rapidly in response.
Globalisation may help to make people more aware of global issues such as deforestation and global warming and alert them to the need for sustainable development. - 11Negative impacts of globalisationGlobalisation operates mostly in the interests of the richest countries, which continue to dominate world trade at the expense of developing countries. The role of LEDCs in the world market is mostly to provide the North and West with cheap labour and raw materials.
- 12Tourism benefitsGreater demand for local food and crafts
New facilities for the tourists also benefit locals, eg new roads
Money from tourists can be used to protect the natural landscape
Local traditions and customs are kept alive because tourists enjoy traditional shows, eg Flamenco dancing
More money for the country
Jobs created - 13tourism disadvantagesJobs are often seasonal (based on the time of year) and are poorly paid
Most money goes out of the area to big companies, not locals
Culture and traditions change as outsiders arrive
Overcrowding and traffic jams - 14populationThese people are called inhabitants or residents. The population includes all individuals that live in that certain area.The world population was estimated to have reached 7.5 billion in April 2017. Asia is the most populous continent, with its 4.3 billion inhabitants being 60% of the world population.
- 15over-populationOverpopulation can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates, an increase in immigration, or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources.
- 16under-populationThis is when there are not enough people to make full use of the resources and technology of the place they live in.
- 17main causes of change in populationThe three main causes of population change. Births - usually measured using the birth rate (number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year). Deaths - usually measured using the death rate (number of deaths per 1,000 of the population per year).
- 18population migrationImmigrants add to the total population and emigrants are subtracted from the total. Sometimes people just move from one region to another within the same country. In many developing countries, large numbers of people have moved from the countryside to the cities in recent years.
- 19Positive impacts of migrationJob vacancies and skills gaps can be filled.
Economic growth can be sustained.
Services to an ageing population can be maintained when there are insufficient young people locally.
The pension gap can be filled by the contributions of new young workers and they also pay taxes.
Immigrants bring energy and innovation.
Host countries are enriched by cultural diversity.
Failing schools (and those with falling numbers) can be transformed. - 20Negative impacts of migrationDepression of wages may occur but this seems to be temporary.
Having workers willing to work for relatively low pay may allow employers to ignore productivity, training and innovation.
Migrants may be exploited.
Increases in population can put pressure on public services.
Unemployment may rise if there are unrestricted numbers of incomers.
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- Karteikarten am Ohne Titel, erstellt von Louis Stocks am 07/01/2019.
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