GoConqr hat ein neues Design! Sag uns, wie es dir gefällt.

Kostenlos registrieren

Karteikarten

five

Ki Rai PSYCHOLOGY YEAR 2 Englisch 68 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (68)

  1. 1over how long are memories consolidated4-6 hours
  2. 2what are two ways of looking at motor memory consolidationoff-line learning
    increase in stability
  3. 3explain off-line learningskills improve BETWEEN practise sessions, performance improved after sleep (maybe things learnt during sleep or in critical phases e.g. rem idk)
  4. 4explain increase in stabilitynew mems are fragile but old are robust so if you learn a skill then learn a second interfering one, motor memories for the first task are disrupted
  5. 5define retrograde interferencerehearsal improves performance but rehearsal of a diff skill can impair it. after rehearsing seq A, practise of seq B reduces seq A skill. aka aka retroactive int
  6. 6define anterograde interferenceafter rehearsing sequence A, practise of sequence B is impaired aka proactive int.
  7. 7define consolidationmemory undergoes this over a period of hours, making it resistant to interference and learning a second will not disrupt the first
  8. 8define reconsolidationafter a mem has been consolidated, brief periods of rehearsal can return mem becak to unstable state
  9. 9the primary somatosensory cortex (s1) is the main receptive area forsense of touch
  10. 10the primary motor (m1) and primary somatosensory cortex (s1) sit either side of thecentral sulcus
  11. 11where do the primary motor (m1) and primary somatosensory cortex (s1) send and receive signalsfrom contralateral side of the body
  12. 12how many sensory brodmann areas are there and what are they4:
    1, 2, 3a, 3b
  13. 13what does brodmann area 3a and 3b doreceives sensory info via thalamic inputs
  14. 14what does brodmann area 1 domainly receives inputs from 3b and defines texture
  15. 15what does brodmann area 2 domainly receives inputs from 3b and defines size and shape
  16. 16what does PPC stand forposterior parietal cortex
  17. 17what brodmann area is the PPC5
  18. 18what does the posterior parietal cortex doreceives inputs from s1, sensory-motor integration, grasping, interacting w objects
  19. 19what is s2secondary somatosensory cortex
  20. 20what brodmann area is s240
  21. 21what does the secondary somatosensory cortex doreceives input from PPC and S1, does higher order functions e.g. haptic perception (stereognosis) (ability to perceive the form of an object in the absence of visual and auditory info)
  22. 22what does experience-dependent reorganisation implylearning
  23. 23define learninga change in behaviour that results from acquiring knowledge about the world
  24. 24define memoryprocess by which knowledge is encoded, stored and later retrieved
  25. 25define behavioural changelearning new skills e.g. riding a bike, adjusting existing skills
  26. 26define neural changeschange in connections bt neurons, change in representations and maps
  27. 27three forms of learning?non-associative
    associate
    relational
  28. 28explain non-associative learningrelatively permanent change in strength of response to single stim due to repeated exposure. experience dependent changes. e.g. habituation, sensitisation (both short term and reversiblE) and perceptual learning
  29. 29define perceptual learningincreasing sensory discrimination with experience
  30. 30define habituationreduction in responses
  31. 31define sensitisationincrease in responses
  32. 32explain associate learningprocess by which association bt two stim or behaviour and stim is learnt. e.g. classical pavlovian conditioning (stim-stim asc., CS-US asc) motor learning in some forms, instrumental/operant conditioning or reinforcement learning
  33. 33explain relational learninglearning the relationships between stimuli;; spatial processing (maps), declarative memory (constructing episodic mems)
  34. 34a synapse enablesone neuron to commuicate w another
  35. 35when synapse efficacy occurs in learning, why happens in the pre-synaptic neuron?increase in vesicle volume, increase availability of vesicles, increase release probability
  36. 36when synapse efficacy occurs in learning, why happens in the synaptic cleft?reduce re-uptake mechanisms, reduce gap dimensions
  37. 37when synapse efficacy occurs in learning, why happens in the post-synaptic neuron?increase receptor density / area
  38. 38when synapse efficacy occurs in learning, why happens in terms of growth?make new synapses through splitting of dendrites
  39. 39what non-associative research was done into sea slugs in terms of habituationif you touch the siphon usually, the gill will retract. if you keep touching it it was found it habituates and stops retracting, this is also very good for when its touching seaweed
  40. 40what non-associative research was done into sea slugs in terms of sensitisationkept getting electric shocks on its tail and so there was enhanced gill withdrawal and heightened response
  41. 41what is the name of the process where synapses are habituatedsynaptic depression
  42. 42what happens in terms of synapses when they are habituatedthey are down-regulated, reduced in NTs released by synaptic terminals and fewer synapses so both lead to reduced strength of sensory neuron on motor neuron
  43. 43what is the name of the process where synapses are sensitisedsynaptic facilitation
  44. 44what happens in terms of synapses when they are sensitisedup-regulation; increase in NTs released by synaptic terminals, more synapses, both lead to increased strength of sensory neuron on motor neuron
  45. 45what is hebbs rule"when neuron A repeatedly participates in firing neuron B, the strength of the action of A onto B increases"
  46. 46what type of learning is hebbs rule part ofassociative
  47. 47what is another name for the sea slugaplysia
  48. 48what is the difference between sensitisation and conditioning in terms of the aplasia (since both create an enhanced response)sensitisation; response to touch is a conseq. of electric shock so shock occurs b4 touch
    conditioning; sensitisation; response to touch is a conseq. of predicting electric shock so shock occurs after touch
  49. 49what is the name of changes in the somatosensory map after diff inputssomatosensory remapping
  50. 50what 4 things can changes in maps reflect?-long term changes in functional connectivity aka growth of neurons
    -branching / pruning of dendritic connections
    - neurons competing for space in cortex (unused cortex gets taken over by other input)
    -imaging of living mouse brain shows all these changes within days or hours of a new task
  51. 51what is the name of what happens when specific timed patterns of neuronal activity lead to long term synaptic changeslong term synaptic plasticity
  52. 52what are the two types of long-term synaptic plasticitylong term potentiation
    long term depression
  53. 53what is long term potentiationactivity-dependent persistent strengthening of synapses, producing long lasting increase in signal transmission bt two neurons
  54. 54what is long term depressionactivity-dependent reduction in efficacy of neuronal synapses, produce long-lasting decreases in signal transmission bt two neurons
  55. 55in the process of long term potentiation, which channel is normally blocked and by what?NMDA channel, blocked by mg
  56. 56in the process of long term potentiation, how do you get rid of the bound mgby a concurrent voltage change: glutamate binds to nearby AMPA receptor, stimulation and drives out mg
  57. 57in the process of long term potentiation, what does glutamate bind to and what does this donmda and ampa receptors which temporarily changes the shape of the channel and opens it up, so calcium can get in the open unblocked nmda channel
  58. 58in the process of long term potentiation, what does the calcium do when it enters the channel and what does this causetriggers intra-cellular signalling cascade which causes migration of AMPA receptors from intracellular stores to cell membrane nad then synthesis of more AMPA receptors
  59. 59what are the three key principles of LTPcooperative
    associative
    synapse specific
  60. 60explain cooperativity in LTPLTP requires simultaneous activation of large number of axons (due to large depolarisation)
  61. 61explain associative in LTPwhen weak synaptic input is paired with strong then large depolarisation can propagate and cause LTP at synapse with weak output
  62. 62explain synapse specific in LTPif particular synapse is not activated then LTP will not occur even with strong post synaptic depolarisation
  63. 63why is cooperativity important to learning and memoryensure that only events of a high degree of significance (that active sufficient inputs) will result in memory storage
  64. 64why is associative important to learning and memoryallows an event with little significance (CS) to be endowed with a high degree of meaning- if asc. with a significant event (US)
  65. 65why is synapse specific important to learning and memoryinputs that convey info not related to a particular event will not be strengthened to participate ina given memory
  66. 66where was long term depression first identifiedhippocampus
  67. 67what is long term depression thought to be a major component ofmotor learning in cerebellum
  68. 68how does cerebellar long term depression thought to affect AMPA receptors and is it NMDA dependent?decrease in ampa recept.
    not nmda dependent

Informationen

Beschreibung
PSYCHOLOGY YEAR 2 (2 movement) Karteikarten am five, erstellt von Ki Rai am 19/04/2019.
Erstellt von
Ki Rai
Aufrufe
4
Bewertung

Feedback

Worum geht es?

Wie gefällt dir das neue Design?

Dein Eindruck