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Materials development for language learning and teaching
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- 1The article aims to provide a historical background about materials development (its origins, evaluation, adaptation, production, principles, etc)At first, the author explains the concept of materials, defined as the tools used for facilitate language learning and they can be flashcards, videos, coursebooks, readings, etc. Also, materials development refers to the processes made by teachers/learners to produce, evaluate and adapt materials for language learning.
- 2Regarding to the theoretical background, it was not until mid 90's that materials started to be treated as something isolated, since before, they were treated as a part of methodologies.Even though it was not until 90's that studies regarding materials development were focused, during the 80's and even 70's some articles talked about evaluating and selecting materials. In 2002 McGrat made the first book which provide some theories and approaches for materials design. In 2003 Tomlinson gave some considerations for design and illustration.
- 3The most recent publication was made in 2012 by Tomlinson & Masuhara in which they explored in which they studied the application of different materials in diverse linguistic areas in order to develop a theory and give some suggestions for their applicationsThen, the author talks about criterias and checklist made by different authors in order to assess materials and their effects. They provide some factors to take into account: universal criteria (theories, beliefs) and local criteria. (context).
- 4Then, the article talks about materials analysis and evaluation. These are made to know the effects of materials in their users and provide some review. The criterias should have the main/essential components of any teaching-learning material). The evaluation/analysis are useful to know how to choose course books.Materials adaptation refers to how teachers adapt the materials according to their context, target language, objectives and methodology. As teachers, we have to keep in mind that the materials have to be suitable to our students (flexible, open-ended, learner- centered, relevant, authentic),
- 5How materials are written? Many materials developers are influenced by principles of language acquisition which guides their design. Also, they replicate previous materials or they just adapt any activity which had worked before.An important thing is that we have to keep in mind these factor if we want to apply a theory to develop materials: the language need to be contextualised and comprehensible, the learner need to be motivated and engaged and the language need to be meaningful. Also, they talked about some practical guidance for task-designer giving some advices and stimulus.
- 6The article also mentions some issues involved in materials development as: the value of textbooks which have some pros (help the teachers to set a base to develop their lessons and also it makes easier the progress and revision) and cons (impose control over learners and teachers and do not take into account learners needs)Then, the article mentions the importance of authentic text and task materials, since they provide a meaningful exposure to language and motivate learners to develop communicative competences and enhance positive attitude towards the learning of a language.
- 7These authentic materials have to be connected to learners culture and seek for outcomes (what learners are going to be able to do). Also, we can use taboo topics which may stimulate affective engagement. Also, we can "humanize the materials" (combine the senses, emotions, kinesthetics, sensorial parts, etc) in order to personalize the learning experience.At last, the author talks about the research regarding materials development. It is said that there is very little research in terms of effectiveness because of the time and money that it requires. Also because of there are a lot of variables which may be difficult to control. In order to promote research in this field, the author suggest that more Phd programs should be created.
- 8To concludeAs we have seen, materials develpment not only refers to the selection of a tool in order to help learners process, but also refers to the attention that we as teachers give to the authenticity, accuracy, adaptability and suitability in order to take as much advantage as we can from the materials used in class and for enriching the learning process of our students.
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- Karteikarten am Materials development for language learning and teaching, erstellt von Angie Milena Alvarez Diaz am 28/04/2019.
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- Angie Milena Alvarez Diaz
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