Karteikarten
Learning and memory
Karten in diesem Stapel (11)
- 1Give examples of the clinical relevance to learning and memoryTreat with medicine of interest
Inject radioactive “tracer”
Displacement of radiolabelled tracer by increasing dose of drug provides a direct demonstration of desired activity - 2How can we measure learning and memory?(contextual fear conditioning)
Radial arm maze
Barnes maze
Morris watermaze
Spontaneous alternation (T-maze)
Paired associate learning
Spontaneous novelty detection/recognition memory - 3What are the types of memory?Procedural = how
Declarative = what, two subdivisions:
Semantic = facts
Episodic = events - 4What is the anatomical loci of learning and memory?Procedural memory/habit learning- striatum
Declarative memory- hippocampus - 5What are the two ways we can study cognitive behaviours in animals?Translational = train an animal to mimic a human test
Naturalistic - use a relevant intrinsic or innate skill or preference of the animal - 6Describe classical conditioning and its clinical relevancePavlov’s dog”- 1880’s- phenomena of classical conditioning- huge psychology research area
Dogs heard a bell ring when it was dinner time (conditioned stimulus) and learned that this indicated food.
Unconditioned stimulus (unlearned stimulus)- food- induces salivation in dogs
Dogs learned to respond to conditioned stimulus (bell) with unconditioned response (salivating)
Translational importance in addiction/phobias/PTSD
. Can be positive or negative- presence of person/room or smelling smoke or being in pub can make you want to take the drug or smoke or drink (like the dog salivating even if not hungry). Also opposite effect- conditioned stimulus affects your physiological response so if it’s not present you may overdose/smoke more/drink more to compensate for the “missing” conditioned stimulus. - 7Describe maze learning in rats (Cognintive maps in rats and men)Tolman wanted to investigate whether rats had a “sense of space” and could navigate flexibly like he believed humans can.
Tested navigation, shortcutting, directional accuracy…
Rats ran mazes in return for food rewards (naturalistic) - 8Describe maze learning in rats (radial arm maze)Exploration of multiple arms in a maze
Some food baited, others unrewarded
Rat must remember which arms are baited (reference memory) and which arms he has visited within the current trial (working memory)
Rats ran mazes in return for food rewards (naturalistic)
Need controls for food odour and animals’ own scent marking - 9Describe maze learning in rats (Barnes maze)Multiple holes around perimeter, one leads to safe home box
Rat must accurately navigate (heading direction) to the hole with the home box, signalled by distal visual cues- measure latency to do this, path length.
More accuracy required than in radial arm maze
Rats ran mazes to escape the brightly lit environment (no food reward)- naturalistic
Need controls for animals’ own scent marking and visual ability (proximal cue) - 10Describe maze learning in rats (Morris watermaze)Single escape platform located in a pool of opaque water
Rat must accurately navigate (heading direction) by swimming to the escape platform, signalled by distal visual cues- measure latency to do this, path length.
Rats swim to the platform to escape the cool water (20-25C)
No food reward- naturalistic for rats as they are good swimmers
No controls needed for animals’ own scent marking. Probe trial procedure
Visuomotor ability tested by proximal cue
Can be translational via a dry land navigational task - 11Describe paired associate learning and its translational valuePairs of items are studied.
Later, one half of a pair is presented and the subject must recall the other half.
Used in humans as part of the Cambridge Cognition CANTAB automated psychological test battery to diagnose MCI/dementia
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- Beschreibung
- Neurosychopharmacology Karteikarten am Learning and memory, erstellt von Megan MacLeod am 06/05/2019.
- Erstellt von
- Megan MacLeod
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