Karteikarten
Topic 6
Karten in diesem Stapel (50)
- 1Hardwarea generic term for the physical parts of the computer, both internal and external
- 2Softwarea generic term for any program that can run on a computer
- 3Application Softwareprograms that perform specific tasks that would need doing even if computers did not exist
e.g word processors, web browsers an
spreadsheet software. - 4Utility Programsprograms that perform specific common task related to running the computer
e.g data compression and encryption. - 5Library Programscode, data and resources that can be called by other programs
- 6Translatorssoftware that converts programming language instructions into 0 and 1s
- 7Compilera program that translates a high level language into machine code by translating all of the code
- 8Assemblera program that translates a program written in assembly language into machine code
- 9Interpretera program for translating a high level language by reading each statement in the source code and immediately performing the action
- 10Operating Systema suite of programs designed to control the operations of the computer
- 11Virtual Machinethe concept that all of the complexities of using a computer are hidden from the user and other software by the operating system
- 12Resource Managementhow an operating system manages hardware and software to optimise the performance of the computer
- 13Processora device that carries out computation on data by following instructions, in order to produce an output
- 14Schedulinga technique to ensure that different users or different programs are able to work on the same computer system at the same time
- 15Memory Managementhow the operating system uses RAM to optimise the performance of the computer
- 16File Managementhow an operating system stores and retrieves files
- 17Machine Codethe lowest level of code made up of 0 and 1s
- 18Assembly Languagea way of programming that involves writing mnemonics
- 19Mnemonicsshort codes that are used as instructions when programming
- 20Source Codeprogramming code that has not yet been compiled into an executable file
- 21Object Codecompiled code that can run as an executable file on any computer with the same CPU architecture
- 22Low-Level Languagemachine code and assembly language
- 23High-Level Languagea programming language that allows programs to be written using English keywords and that is platform dependent
- 24Imperative Languagea language based on giving the computer commands or procedures to follow
- 25Object-Oriented Languagea programming paradigm that encapsulates instructions and data objects together
- 26Declarative Languageslanguages that declare or specify what properties a result should have
- 27Functional Languagea programming paradigm that uses mathematical functions
- 28Interpretera program for translating a high level language by reading each statement in the source code and immediately performing the action
- 29ByteCodean instruction set used for programming that can be executed on any computer using a virtual machine.
- 30Boolean Expressionan equation made up of Boolean operations
- 31Truth Tablea method of representing/calculating the result of every possible combination of inputs in a boolean expression
- 32Boolean Operationa single boolean function
- 33AND gateresult is true if both inputs are true
- 34OR gateBoolean operation that outputs true if either of its inputs are true
- 35NOTBoolean operation that inverts the result so true becomes false and false becomes true
- 36NANDBoolean expression that outputs true if any of the inputs are false
- 37NAND gateresult is true if any of the inputs are false
- 38NORBoolean operation that outputs true if all of its inputs are false
- 39NOR gateresult is true if both inputs are false
- 40XORboolean operation that is true if either input is true but not if both inputs are true
- 41Logic gatean electronic component used to perform Boolean algorithms
- 42Boolean expressionsan equation made up of Boolean operations
- 43Logic circuita combination of logic gates
- 44ALUpart of the processor that processes and manipulates data
- 45Half addera circuit that performs addition using inputs from A and B only
- 46Full addera circuit that performs addition using inputs from A and B plus a carry bit
- 47Carry bitused to store a 0 or 1 depending on the result of binary addition
- 48Flip-Flopa memory unit that can store one bit
- 49Clocka device that generates a signal used to synchronise the components of a computer
- 50Edge-triggered D type flip flopa memory unit that changes state with each pulse of the clock
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Computing New Karteikarten am Topic 6, erstellt von Sam Carvell am 06/06/2019.
- Erstellt von
- Sam Carvell
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