Karteikarten
Cross Sectional - Thorax
Karten in diesem Stapel (137)
- 1Bony Thorax: • Region between ____ & ____• Neck ; abdomen
- 2Compartments of Bony Thorax: • Thoracic ____ • ___ • _____ • _____• Vertebrae
• Ribs
• Cartilage
• Sternum - 3Functions of Bony Thorax: • Protects ____ • Aids in ____ • Attachment for ____• Organs
• Respiration
• Muscles - 4Ribs: • ____ pairs • Forms ____ and ____ borders of thoracic cage• 12
• Posterior ; lateral - 5Vertebrosternal Ribs: • ____ ribs • Ribs ___-___ • Articulate directly with ____• True
• 1-7
• Sternum - 6Vertebrochondral Ribs: • ____ ribs • Ribs ___,___ and ___ • Attaches ____ of preceding rib rather than ____• False
• 8 ; 9 ; 10
• Cartilage ; sternum - 7Vertebral Ribs: • ___ ribs / ____ ribs • Ribs ___ & ___ • No ____ attachment• False ; floating
• 11 ; 12
• Anterior - 8Intercostal Space: • Space between ____ ribs• Adjacent
- 9Costal Cartilage: • Cartilage ____ located between 1st ___ ribs and ____• Anteriorly ; ten ; sternum
- 10Lungs: • Site of ____ exchange between ___ and respiratory air• Gaseous ; blood
- 11Lungs: • _____ shape • Apex: slightly above ___ rib • Dome: ____ shaped base, on ____• Conical
• 1st
• Concave ; diaphragm - 12Lungs: • Hilum: ___ of lung: opening on ____ surface • Passageway from ____ bronchi, blood vessels, ____ vessels and ____ to enter each lung• Root ; medial
• Primary ; lymph ; nerves - 13Right Lung: • Divided into ___ lobes • ____, ____ and ____• 3
• Inferior ; middle ; superior - 14Pleura: • ____ membrane lining the pleural cavity• Serous
- 15Parietal Pleura: • ____ layer, continuous with thoracic walls and ____ • Secretes small amount of ____ ____• Outer ; diaphragm
• Lubricating fluid - 16Visceral Pleura: • ____ layer • Intimately attached to ____ of lung • Secretes small amount of ___ ___• Inner
• Surface
• Lubricating fluid - 17Primary Bronchi: • ____ bifurcation of trachea (____) at the level of ___ • Enters each lung at ____• Terminal ; (carina) ; T5
• Hilum - 18Primary Bronchi: • Right Primary Bronchus: ____, shorter and more ____ than left• Wider ; vertical
- 19Primary Bronchi: • Left Primary Bronchus: more ____, longer and more ____ than right• Narrow ; horizontal
- 20Secondary Bronchi (Lobar): • ____ secondary bronchus to each ____ of lung• One ; lobe
- 21Tertiary Bronchi (Segmental): • Further divisions extending into each ____ of a lobe• Segment
- 22Tertiary Bronchi (Segmental): • ________ segments (___ per lung) • Each segment functions ____ of each other• Bronchopulmonary ; 10
• Independently - 23Bronchiole: • Terminal division of the ___ ___• Bronchial tree
- 24Alveoli: • Functional unit of ____ system • Site of gas exchange between ____ air and ____ blood• Respiratory
• Alveolar ; capillary - 25Mediastinum: • ____ region of thoracic cavity ____ the lungs• Midline ; between
- 26Structures of the Mediastinum: • ____ gland • ____ • _____ • _____ nodes • _____ duct • ____ • ____ vessels and ____• Thymus
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Lymph nodes
• Thoracic duct
• Heart
• Great vessels ; nerves - 27Compartments of Mediastinum Superior Compartment: • _____ portion • Contains ____• Upper
• Lymph - 28Compartments of Mediastinum Inferior Compartment: • ____ portion • Further divided into ___ compartments• Inferior
• 3 - 29Anterior Compartment: • Area ____ to pericardial sec and ____ to sternum• Anterior ; posterior
- 30Middle Compartment: • Area containing ____ ___, heart and ___ of great vessels• Pericardial sac ; roots
- 31Posterior Compartment: • Area ____ to pericardial sac• Posterior
- 32Thymus Gland: • _____ gland • Reaches maximum size during ___ then size ____ in adults • _____ shaped bi-lobed gland of ____ tissue• Endocrine
• Puberty ; decreases
• Triangular ; lymph - 33Thymus Gland: • _____ lymphatic organ responsible for development of cellular ____ • Thymosin: Hormone produced in thymus that ____ and develops ____• Primary ; immunity
• Matures ; lymphocytes - 34Trachea: • Passes through mediastinum ____ to esophagus • ____ until the carina where it ____• Anterior
• Round ; bifurcates - 35Esophagus: • Passes through mediastinum ____ to trachea • ____-shaped• Posterior
• Oval-shaped - 36Esophagus: • _____ through diaphragm at esophageal ____ • Esophagus enters stomach at ___ ____• Descends ; hiatus
• Gastroesophageal junction - 37Lymph Nodes: • Clustered around ____ vessels, ____, bronchi and ____ • Classified according to ____ • Difficult to visualize on CSA slice due to ____ size• Great ; esophagus ; carina
• Location
• Small - 38Lymphatic Vessels: • Drain excess ____ ____ away from cells to ____ circulation • Lymph ____ accompany arteries and veins • Drain into ____ ____ ducts• Interstitial fluid ; venous
• Capillaries
• Terminal collecting - 39Thoracic Duct: • ____ vessel of lymphatic system • Empties into ___ subclavian vein • Drains lymph from ____ the diaphragm and ____ side of diaphragm• Main
• Left
• Below ; left - 40Right Lymphatic Duct: • ____ than thoracic duct • Empties into right ____ vein• Smaller
• Subclavian - 41Cisterna Chyli: • Most ____ part of thoracic duct• Inferior
- 42Heart: • ____ chambered muscular organ within _____• Four ; mediastinum
- 43Heart: • ___, ____, ____, ____ • Lies ____ with 1/3 of heart to the ____ of midline and 2/3 of heart to the ____ of midline• RA ; LA ; RV ; LV
• Obliquely ; right ; left - 44Base: • Most ____/____ portion, primary comprised of ____ ____• Superior/Posterior ; left atrium
- 45Apex: • Most _____/_____ portion, angled toward ____, primarily comprised of ____ ventricle, located at ___ intercostal space• Inferior/Anterior ; left ; left ; 5th
- 46Pericardial Cavity: • Potential space between ____ & ____ layers • Contains ____ fluid which reduces ____• Parietal ; visceral
• Serous ; friction - 47Pericardial Fat: • Fat located between _____ and ___ ___• Pericardium ; heart wall
- 48Heart Wall: • ____ layers • ____, ____, ____• 3
• Epicardium ; myocardium ; endocardium - 49Epicardium: • ____, ____ layer in contact with pericardium• Thin ; outer
- 50Myocardium: • ____, middle cardiac ____ layer• Thick ; muscle
- 51Endocardium: • ____, _____ lining, lines valves and inner lining of ____• Thin ; endothelial ; vessels
- 52Interatrial Septum: • Divider between _____• Atria
- 53Foramen Ovale: Opening in ____ during fetal development allowing blood to flow between right and left ____• IAS ; atria
- 54Fossa Ovalis: • _____ in IAS in adult at site closed ___ ____• Depression ; foramen ovale
- 55Interventricular Septum: • Divider between _____• Ventricles
- 56Heart Chambers Right Atrium: • Receives ____ oxygen, high ___ ___ blood from body from: • ___ and ____ • ___ ____ • ____ veins of ____• Low ; carbon dioxide
• IVC ; SVC
• Coronary sinus
• Cardiac veins of myocardium - 57Right Atrium: • Contain right ____: • ____, embryonic ____ projecting ____, covers ____ of aorta• Auricle
• Muscular ; appendage ; upward ; root - 58Right Ventricle: • Comprises ____ portion of anterior surface of heart • Receives low ____, ____ carbon dioxide from the right atrium• Largest
• Oxygen ; high - 59Right Ventricle: • _____ pumps blood into ____ artery to go to the lungs • Contain ____ muscles: muscular ____ off ____ surface of ventricle walls that ___ and attach to ___ valve• Forcefully ; pulmonary
• Papillary ; inner ; anchor ; tricuspid - 60Left Atrium: • Most ____ chamber of the heart• Posterior
- 61Left Atrium: • Received ____ oxygenated, low ____ ____ blood from the lungs via the ____ veins• Highly ; carbon dioxide ; pulmonary
- 62Left Atrium: • Contain ____ auricle: ____ embryonic appendage projecting over ____ surface of heart• Left ; muscular ; superior
- 63Left Ventricle: • Forms ___ of heart • Most ____ border of heart • Receives high ____, ____ carbon dioxide blood from ____• Apex
• Inferior
• Oxygen ; low ; LA - 64Left Ventricle: • Forcefully pumps blood into ____ for ____ throughout body • _____ of LV is ___x thicker than RA • ____ chamber• Aorta ; distribution
• Myocardium ; 3x
• Strongest - 65Left Ventricle: • Papillary Muscles: ___ muscular projections from ____ ventricular walls that anchor and attach ____ valve• 2 ; inner ; mitral
- 66Cardiac Valves Atrioventricular Valves: • Valves between ___ and ____• Atria ; ventricle
- 67Atrioventricular Valves • Right Atrioventricular Valve: _____ valve (3 leaflets) • Left Atrioventricular Valve: ____ valve (2 leaflets) ---> aka _____ valve• Tricuspid
• Mitral
---> Bicuspid - 68Semilunar Valves: • Valves between ____ and ___ ___ (3 cusps) • Pulmonary semilunar valve: ____ ventricle to ____ artery• Ventricle ; great vessels
• Right ; pulmonary - 69Semilunar Valves: • Aortic semilunar valve: ____ ventricle to _____ aorta• Left ; ascending
- 70Great Vessels: • Carry blood ___ and ____ heart• To and from
- 71Aorta: • ____ artery in the body, divided into ___ parts• Largest ; 3
- 72Ascending Aorta: • _____ at heart, and projects _____• Begins ; superiorly
- 73Aortic Arch: • ____ of the aorta• Curve
- 74Descending Aorta: • Projects inferiorly through ____ and ____• Thorax ; abdomen
- 75Thoracic Aorta: • ____ aorta ____ to diaphragm• Descending ; superior
- 76Abdominal Aorta: • Descending aorta ___ to diaphragm until it bifurcates into the right and left ____ ____ arteries• Inferior ; common iliac
- 77Pulmonary Artery: • Begins at ____ valve • Ascends ____ to aorta • _____ into right and left pulmonary arteries• Pulmonary
• Anterior
• Bifurcates - 78Pulmonary Artery: • Attached to the aorta by a fibrous cord called the ___ ___ which is the remnant of the ____ ____• Ligamentum Arteriosum
• Ductus Arteriosus - 79Pulmonary Veins: • ___ for each lung • Empty into ___ ____• 2
• Left atrium - 80Superior Vena Cava (SVC): • Formed by the junction of the right and left ____ veins • Drains blood from the ____, ___, ___ and ____ extremities • Empties into ___ ____• Brachiocephalic
• Head ; neck ; thorax ; upper
• Right atrium - 81Inferior Vena Cava (IVC): • Formed by the junction of the right and left ___ ___ veins • Ascends through ___, passes through ____ • Empties into ___ ___• Common iliac
• Abdomen ; diaphragm
• Right atrium - 82Right Side Functions: • Collects ____, ____ blood coming from the body • Pumps ____ blood into the lungs to receive ____• Used ; deoxygenated
• Deoxygenated ; oxygen - 83Left Side Functions: • Collects ____ blood returns from the lungs • Pumps ____ blood to the body• Oxygenated
• Oxygenated - 84Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • ____ blood from the extremities and ___-____ organs travel via the ___ which dumps into the right atrium• Deoxygenated ; sub-phrenic ; IVC
- 85Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • Deoxygenated blood from the ___ and ______ organs travels via the ____ which dumps into the right atrium• Brain ; supraphrenic ; SVC
- 86Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • Deoxygenated blood is now in right atrium which serves at a "____ ____"• "Holding tank"
- 87Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • When the ___ valves opens, blood travels into the right ventricle• Tricuspid
- 88Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • The right ventricle is a ____, ____ chamber which forcefully pumps blood into the ____ artery• Strong ; muscular ; pulmonary
- 89Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • The pulmonary artery carries blood to the ____ and blood becomes _____• Lungs ; oxygenated
- 90Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • Once blood is oxygenated, blood travels via the ____ ___ into the left atrium• Pulmonary Veins
- 91Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • Left atrium serves as a "____ ____" of oxygenated blood • When the ____ valve opens, blood travels into the left ventricle• "Holding tank"
• Mitral - 92Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • The left ventricle is the ___, ____ chamber which forcefully pumps blood into the ____ ____• Strongest ; muscular ; ascending aorta
- 93Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • Blood then travels up the ____ aorta, across the aortic ___ (supplying the ___ and ____ extremities) through the ____ aorta and down the _____ aorta• Ascending ; arch ; head ; upper ;
thoracic ; descending - 94Normal Cardiac Blood Flow: • _____ blood is then distributed throughout the body• Oxygenated
- 95Aortic Arch Branches: Brachiocephalic (_____): • ____ branch • Divides into ____ common carotid artery and ____ subclavian artery • Supplies right ____ extremity, right ____ circulation• Innominate
• Right ; right
• Upper ; cerebrovascular - 96Aortic Arch Branches Left Common Carotid Artery: • _____ branch • Ascends ___ side of neck • Supplies ____ cerebrovascular circulation• 2nd
• Left
• Left - 97Aortic Arch Branches Left Subclavian Artery: • ____ branch • Supplies left ____ extremity• 3rd
• Upper - 98Coronary Circulation: • Provides ____ supply of oxygen and ____ to myocardium and removal of carbon dioxide and ___ from myocardium• Continuous ; nutrients ; waste
- 99Coronary Arteries: • Branch directory off ___ ___ at ___ of aorta• Aortic trunk ; base
- 100The right coronary artery and its branches supply: • Right ___ • Right ____ • _____ ____ • ___ node and ___ node • Major branches: right ____ and _____ ____• Atrium
• Ventricle
• Interventricular Septum
• SA ; AV
• Marginal ; posterior descending - 101The left coronary artery and its branches supply: • ____ ____ • ____ bundles • Most of left ____ • Left ____ • Major Branches: _____ and left ___ ____ (LAD) "Widow Maker"• Interventricular septum
• AV
• Ventricle
• Atrium
• Circumflex ; anterior descending - 102Coronary/Cardiac Veins: • Remove ___ and ___ ___ from myocardium• Waste ; carbon dioxide
- 103Coronary Sinus: • ____ venous channel, carries most of venous blood from _____ • Drains into ____ atrium• Wide ; myocardium
• Right - 104Coronary Sinus Main Branches: • ____ cardiac vein • ____ cardiac vein (also called small cardiac vein) • ____ cardiac vein (also called posterior cardiac vein)• Great
• Right
• Middle - 105Coronary Sinus Main Branches: • ____ _____ ventricular vein • ____ vein of atrium • _____ cardiac veins• Left posterior
• Oblique
• Anterior - 106Azygos Venous System: • Provides ___ circulation between IVC and SVC • Drains blood from ____ thoracic wall, ____, ____ and ____• Collateral
• Posterior ; bronchi ; pericardium ; esophagus - 107Azygos Venous System Azygos Vein: • Empties into ____• SVC
- 108Azygos Venous System Hemiazygos Vein: • Joins ____ vein at approximately ___• Azygos ; T8
- 109Thoracic Muscles Intercostal Muscles: • Fill spaces between ____• Ribs
- 110Thoracic Muscles Serratus Posterior/Superior Muscle: • Assists ____ ____• Forced inspiration
- 111Thoracic Muscles Serratus Posterior/Inferior Muscle: • Assists ____ ____• Forced expiration
- 112Thoracic Muscles Diaphragm: • ____-shaped muscle spanning ____ flow • Major muscle for ___• Dome ; thoracic
• Inspiration - 113Thoracic Muscles Diaphragm Hiatuses of diaphragm: • ____ in diaphragm• Openings
- 114Aortic Hiatus: • Opening for ____, ____ vein and ____ duct• Aorta ; azygos ; thoracic
- 115Caval Hiatus: • Opening for ____ and right ____ nerve• IVC ; phrenic
- 116Esophageal Hiatus: • Opening for ____ and ____ nerve• Esophagus ; vagus
- 117Breast/Mammary Glands: • Breast tissue is located ___ to the chest wall • Both males and females have the same breast anatomy and ___, just different ____ stimulation• Anterior
• Ducts ; hormonal - 118Breast/Mammary Glands Function: • To produce and _____ breast milk• Secrete
- 119Breast/Mammary Glands Modified sweat glands consisting of: • ____ tissue, ____ and ___/connective tissue• Fatty ; glandular ; fibrous
- 120Breast/Mammary Glands: • Contains ____ tissue layers• 3
- 121Subcutaneous Layer: • ____ and all ____ fat• Skin ; subcutaneous
- 122Mammary Layer: • ____ tissue, _____ ducts• Glandular ; lactiferous
- 123Retromammary Layer: • _____, ____ connective tissue and ____• Muscle ; deep ; fat
- 124Thorax/Breast Cooper's Ligaments (_____ ligaments) • Enclose fat ____ • Extend from ____ ____ to the skin • Provide ___ to glandular tissue• Suspensory
• Lobules
• Deep fascia
• Support - 125Thorax/Breast Tail of Spence: • ____ tissue that extends into the ____ • aka ___ ____• Glandular ; axilla
• Axillary Tail - 126Thorax/Breast Axillary Lymph Nodes: • Drain _____ from breast, ___ and portions of ____• Lymphatics ; arm ; back
- 127Sternum: • ____, flat bone in ____ midline• Elongated ; anterior
- 128Xiphoid Process: • Most ____ portion of sternum • Referred to as ____ cartilage in youth, ossifies and fuses with sternum by age ___• Inferior
• Hyaline ; 40 - 129Left Lung: • Divided into ___ lobes: ___ and ___• 2 ; inferior ; superior
- 130Left Lung Lingula: • _____-like projection of lung tissue off ____/____ surface of superior lobe• Tongue-like ; inferior/anterior
- 131Left Lung Cardiac Notch: • Large notch on ___ surface of ___ lobe of heart• Medial ; superior
- 132Pericardium: • Pericardial sac that encloses heart and surrounds ____ portions of ___ ____ entering/exiting the heart• Proximal ; great vessels
- 133Fibrous Pericardium: • Attached to ___ tendon of diaphragm• Central
- 134Serous Pericardium: • ___-____ membrane• Double-layer
- 135Serous Pericardium Parietal Layer: • Lines surface of ___ ____• Fibrous pericardium
- 136Serous Pericardium Visceral Layer: • Covers outer surface of heart and ____ of great vessels • aka ____• Roots
• Epicardium - 137—
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Sonography (Cross Sectional) Karteikarten am Cross Sectional - Thorax, erstellt von Adriana Long am 03/07/2019.
- Erstellt von
- Adriana Long
- Aufrufe
- 8
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