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Physics 1 GCSE

ebower Englisch 121 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (121)

  1. 1AbsorberA substance that takes in radiation
  2. 2EmitterA substance that gives off radiation
  3. 3ReflectorA surface that reflects radiation
  4. 4Why are houses in hot countries often painted white?Houses in hot countries are often painted white because white is the worst emitter of infrared radiation so it will keep the house cooler
  5. 5Why are the pipes on the back of the fridge usually painted black?The pipes on the back of the fridge are usually black because black is the best emitter of infrared radiation.
  6. 6Dark matt surfaces are good_____ and good_____ of infrared radiationabsorbers, emmiters
  7. 7Infrared radiationElectromagnetic waves between visible light and microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum
  8. 8Emitgives out radiation
  9. 9How does the temperature of an object affect the rate at which it emits infrared radiation?The higher the temperature of an object the greater the rate at which it emits infrared radiation.
  10. 10What is a vacuumA vacuum is a region that doesn't contain anything at all, even gas particles
  11. 11How is the arrangement of the particles in a liquid different from that in a solid?The particles in a liquid are in contact with each other but are not held in fixed positions like those in a solid.
  12. 12How is the arrangement of the particles in a gas different from that in a liquidThe particles in a gas are much further spread apart and move around much faster than those in a liquid.
  13. 13ConductionTransfer of energy from particle to particle in matter.
  14. 14ConvectionTransfer of energy by the bulk movement of a heated fluid.
  15. 15Free electronElectron that moves about freely in a metal and is not held inside an atom
  16. 16Insulatormaterial/object that is a poor conductor
  17. 17Why are saucepans often made of metal with wood handles.The metal base of the saucepan is a good conductor so heat is conducted quickly to food in the pan. The wooden handle is a poor conductor so it prevents someone picking up the saucepan from getting burnt.
  18. 18Why are metals that trap air good insulators?Air is a poor conductor so materials that trap air are good insulators.
  19. 19FluidA liquid or a gas
  20. 20convection currentThe circular motion of matter caused by heating in fluids.
  21. 21Why doesn't convection occur in solids?Convection does not occur in solids because the particles are held in fixed positions and not able to flow.
  22. 22Why does afluid become less dense when it is heated?A fluid becomes less dense when heated because it expands, so there is the same mass of material in a larger volume.
  23. 23EvaporationTurning from liquid into vapour.
  24. 24TemperatureThe degree of hotness of a substance.
  25. 25CondensationTurning from vapour into liquid.
  26. 26What effect would decreasing the surface area of a liquid have on its rate of evaporation?Decreasing the surface area of a liquid would decrease the rate of evaporation.
  27. 27What effect would decreasing the surface area of a liquid have on its rate of condensation?Decreasing the surface area would decrease the rate of condensation.
  28. 28Why does painting an object dull minimize the rate of energy transfer?Painting an object dull black maximises the rate of energy, because dull black surfaces are the best emitters of radiation.
  29. 29Why does trapping air in small pockets minimise the rate of energy transfer?Trapping air in small pockets minimises the rate of energy transfer because convection currents cannot be set up.
  30. 30Specific heat capacityEnergy needed to raise 1kg of a substance buy 1 degree celcius
  31. 31The specific heat capacity of oil is 2100 J/kg degrees Celsius. How much energy is needed to raise that temperature of 1kg of oil by 1 degree celciusThe energy needed is 2100J
  32. 32The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/kg degrees Celsius. How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 2kg of water by 1 degreeThe energy needed id 8400J
  33. 33Fibreglass loft insulation reduces energy transfer by ________(conduction, convection or radiation)It reduces energy transfer by conduction
  34. 34Cavity wall insulation reduces energy transfer by ____ ( conduction , convection or radiation)It reduces energy transfer by convection
  35. 35double glazing of windows reduces energy transfer by ____ (Conduction, convection or radiation)It reduces energy transfer by conduction
  36. 36Draught proofing reduces energy transfer by ____(conduction, convection or radiation)It reduces energy transfer by convection
  37. 37Why is fibreglass a good insulator?Fibreglass is a good insulator because it contains trapped air.
  38. 38Why are the pipes that contain the water in a solar heating panel often painted black?The pipes that contain the water in a solar panel are painted black because black is the best absorber of radiation.
  39. 39What does the U-value of a material tell us?It tells us how much energy per second passes through it.
  40. 40The lower the U-value the ____ it is as an insulator. (better or worse)The lower the U-value the better it is as an insulator
  41. 41What is the best colour for a central heating radiator, glossy white or dull black?Dull black
  42. 42Why does a solid have a fixed volume?All particles are held together in fixed positions.
  43. 43When a liquid evaporates, why is the average kinetic energy of the remaining molecules reduced?The most energetic molecules leave the liquid, so the average kinetic energy of the remaining molecules is reduced.
  44. 44What happens to the rate of energy transfer between an object and its surrounding if the temperature difference between them is reduced.If the temperature difference is decreased, the rate of energy transfer decreases.
  45. 45What types of energy transfer involve particles?Conduction, Convection and evaporation involve particles.
  46. 46How does energy from the Sun reach the Earth?Energy from the sun reaches the earth as radiation that travels through space.
  47. 47How does the colour of a surface affect the rate of conduction?The colour of a surface has no effect on the rate of conduction.
  48. 48Why are gases poor conductors?Gases are poor conductors because the particles are far apart.
  49. 49Why are metals the best conductors?Metals are the best conductors because they contain free electrons.
  50. 50What is convection?Convection is the movement of energy through a fluid by the movement of the fluid itself.
  51. 51How does cavity wall insulation reduce energy transfer from a house?Cavity wall insulation traps the air in the cavity in pockets, so preventing convection currents from being set up.
  52. 52The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/kg degrees Celsius. How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 3 kg of water by 4 degrees?The energy needed is 50400J
  53. 53What form of energy does a compressed spring have?Elastic potential energy.
  54. 54Where does the chemical energy stored in your muscles come fromIt comes from the food you eat.
  55. 55Types of energyKinetic, electrical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, chemical.
  56. 56Is it possible to create energy.No you cannot create or destroy energy. You can only transfer it from one form to another or from one place to another.
  57. 57What energy transfers take place when you turn on a torch?Chemical to electrical to light and transfer by heating.
  58. 58In terms of energy, what happens when you burn a fuel?Chemical energy in the fuel is transferred to the surroundings, which get warmer.
  59. 59Conservation of energye
  60. 60What happens to the wasted energy from a light bulb?It transfers to the surroundings, which get warmer.
  61. 61Why should we talk about energy being wasted not energy being lost?Because the law of conservation tells us that energy cannot be destroyed.
  62. 62What is energy measured in?Joules (J)
  63. 63Equation for finding efficiencyEfficiency= useful energy transferred by the appliance (divided by) total energy supplied to the appliance (all times by 100%)
  64. 64A machine is adjusted so that it wastes less energy because of friction. What happens to the efficiency of the machine?The efficiency increases.
  65. 65What form of energy does a moving car have?Kinetic energy
  66. 66When is electrical energy transferred?When an electric current flows
  67. 67What are the useful energy transfers that take place in a hairdryer?Electrical energy to kinetic energy and energy transferred by heating.
  68. 68What are the useful energy transfers that take place in a television?Electrical to light and sound
  69. 69What energy transfers take place when you lift a ball into the air and then drop it?Kinetic to gravitational potential to kinetic.
  70. 70Wear and tear causes a particular machine to waste more energy. What happens to the efficiency of this machine?Its efficiency decreases.
  71. 71In an electric motor, 250J of energy are transferred to the surroundings by heating, for every 1000J of electrical energy supplied. What is the efficiency of the motor as a fraction?75%
  72. 72Why is an electric heater the only appliance that may have an efficiency of 1 or 100%?Because it is designed to transfer energy by heating, which is normally how appliances waste energy.
  73. 73Why do electrical appliances such as televisions and computers have vents?So that wasted energy can be transferred easily to the surroundings making them warmer, rather than the television or computer
  74. 7460J of energy are supplied each second to a light bulb. The bulb transfers 18J of energy to light every second. How much energy does the bulb waste each second?42J
  75. 75When a kettle full of cold water is brought to boiling point, 720000J of energy are transferred to the water. If the kettle has an efficiency of 96%, how much energy is supplied to the kettle to boil the water?750000J
  76. 76What useful energy transfer takes place in an electric drill?Electrical energy to kinetic energy
  77. 77Which electrical appliance usefully transfers electrical energy into light energy and sound energy.A television or computer
  78. 78How many Watts are equivalent to 12 kilowatts1200 W
  79. 79What is the equation to find powerpower=energy divided by time
    power in watts
    Energy in joules
    time in seconds
  80. 80An electric motor transfers 48kj of electrical energy into kinetic energy in 2 minutes. What is the useful power output of the motor?400W
  81. 81How much electrical energy, in kWh, is transferred when a 9kW shower is used for 15 minutes?2.25 kWh
  82. 82The price of 1kWh of electrical energy is 9p. How much does it cost to use a 60W electric light for 4 hours?2.16p
  83. 83What might environmental costs include?The removal or disposal of old equipment and environmental taxes
  84. 84What is payback time?The time that it takes for an appliance or installation to pay for itself in terms of energy savings.
  85. 85Loft insulation costs £600 including installation. It saves £80 per year on a fuel bill. How long is the payback time?7.5 years
  86. 86What is the useful energy transfer In an electric toaster?Electrical to energy
  87. 87How may energy be wasted in an electric heater?As light from the glowing filament
  88. 88How may energy be wasted in an electric kettle?Heating the body of the kettle itself, and sound.
  89. 89How many kilowatts are equivalent to 30000 watts?30kW
  90. 90Which is more powerful, a 2000W hairdryer or a 2.2kW hairdryer?A 2.2kW hairdryer
  91. 91What quantity is measured in kilojoules?Energy is measured in kilojoules.
  92. 92An electric light bulb transfers 6000J of energy in 1 minute. What is its power?100W
  93. 93How much electrical energy, in kWh, Is transferred when a 2kW iron is used for 30 minutes?1kWh
  94. 94Why is the electrical energy supplied by the mains measured in kilowatt-hours?The joule is too small to be used in this situation.
  95. 95A machine has an input power rating of 100kW and a useful output power of 40kW.What is its percentage efficiency?40%
  96. 96Electricity costs 12p per kWh. What is the cost of using a 2.5kWh heater for 2 hours?60p
  97. 97It costs 6.6p to use a 1.2 kW microwave oven for 30 minutes. What is the cost per kWh of the energy supplied?11p
  98. 98Name three fossil fuels.coal, oil and gas
  99. 99What is the process by which energy is produced in a nuclear power station?nuclear fission
  100. 100Why are large numbers of solar cells often joined to make a solar panel?each cell only produces a small amount of electricity.
  101. 101Why are only a few places in the world able to have geothermal power stations?In many places in the world the hot rocks are too far below the surface to be used.
  102. 102What type of area would be the most suitable for a wind farm?a large, flat area of high ground
  103. 103What is the difference between a renewable energy resource and a non-renewable energy resource?A renewable energy source is produced as fast as it is used. a non-renewable energy source is one that is used at a much faster rate than it is produced.
  104. 104Which gas, released by the burning of coal, causes acid rain?Sulfur dioxide
  105. 105Two advantages of overhead cables compared to underground cables.overhead cables are easier to replace and are cheaper.
  106. 106What sort of transformers are used at local substations?Step-down transformers.
  107. 107Base loadThe constant amount of electricity provided by nuclear, coal fired and oil fired power stations.
  108. 108Why does the demand for electricity vary between summer and winter?The demand increases in winter because it gets colder so more electricity is used heating homes.
  109. 109In what form is energy stored in the top reservoir of a pumped storage scheme?Gravitational potential energy.
  110. 110Three examples of biofuelsmethane, ethanol from fermented sugar cane, nutshells
  111. 111Why do hydroelectric power stations have to be built in hilly areas?the water must fall from height to transfer gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy.
  112. 112Three situations in which energy can be obtained from water to produce electricity.Energy can be obtained from falling water, waves and the tides.
  113. 113What is a fossil fuel?A fossil fuel is a fuel that is obtained from long-dead biological materials: coal oil or gas
  114. 114Where does geothermal energy come from?Heat in rocks deep below the Earths surface.
  115. 115Two examples of where solar energy is particularly useful for producing electricity?In portable devices that only require small amounts of electricity, such as watches and calculators. In sunny places that are not connected to the grid system such as remote villages In hot countries.
  116. 116What is a solar cell?A solar cell is a device that produces electricity directly from energy from the sun.
  117. 117What is a solar heating panel?A sola heating panel is a device that heats water using energy from the sun.
  118. 118Are renewable or non-renewable energy sources more reliable?Non-renewable recourses are the most reliable.
  119. 119What are the disadvantages of using fossil fuels in power stations to produce electricity?They emit carbon dioxide that can cause global warming and sulfur dioxide that can cause acid rain.
  120. 120What pipes in a solar heating panel usually paintedthe pipes are usually painted black.
  121. 121Three advantages of geothermal energy.Geothermal energy is renewable, free and does not produce pollution

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Karteikarten am Physics 1 GCSE , erstellt von ebower am 21/01/2015.
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