Karteikarten
Network Advanced
Karten in diesem Stapel (11)
- 1What is the main difference between static and dynamic routing?Static routing is when you statically configure a router to send traffic for particular destinations in preconfigured directions.
Dynamic routing is when you use a routing protocol such as OSPF, ISIS, EIGRP, and/or BGP to figure out what paths traffic should take. - 2What are distance-vector and link-state routing protocols?Distance-Vector - Determines the best route for data packets based on distance, with every hop through a router the distance increases
Link-State - Every node constructs a a map of the connectivity to the network and propagates it through it's neighbours - 3What type of protocols are BGP, OSPF and RIPv2, distance-vector or link-state?Distance-Vector: BGP, RIPv2, IGRP and EIGRP
Link-State - OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) - 4Where is BGP mainly used?Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. The protocol is often classified as a path vector protocol but is sometimes also classed as a distance-vector routing protocol.
- 5What is the difference between a provider independent (PI) and a provider aggregatable (PA) address range?PI (Provider Independent) addresses are individually assigned, do not have a specific provider relation and are always routed independently on the global Internet by themselves as a separate block.
PA (Provider Aggregatable) address assignments made by a Provider and come from a large block allocated to a Provider by RIPE. - 6What information do the rules in the routing table use to decide where a packet should be sent?Prefix Length - The longest-matching route is preferred first. Prefix length trumps all other route attributes.
Administrative Distance - In the event there are multiple routes to a destination with the same prefix length, the route learned by the protocol with the lowest administrative distance is preferred.
Metric - In the event there are multiple routes learned by the same protocol with same prefix length, the route with the lowest metric is preferred. (If two or more of these routes have equal metrics, load balancing across them may occur.) - 7What is a routing entry for network 0.0.0.0/0 used for?Default route which is also known as the gateway of last resort is forwarding packets whose destination address does not match any route in the routing table.
- 8Where and when is dynamic routing implemented because static routing is not efficient?Dynamic routing protocols are typically used in larger networks to ease the administrative and operational overhead of using only static routes.
Dynamic routing makes sense if a router has a lot of different networks which can be routed over different paths if there's an outage on one line. A dynamic approach would be good otherwise someone has to switch the route by hand. - 9Compare OSPF and RIPv2 - what are the advantages of one over the other?RIPv2 propagates every 30 sec the whole routing table. It's good for smaller networks, 15 hops max after that unreachable
OSPF propagates only if there's a change in the network map, faster than RIP, good for bigger and complex networks, no hop limit. fast converges - 10What happens to a packet addressed to/from a private IP if it is sent to the internet?When a computer on the private (internal) network sends an IPv4 packet to the external network, the NAT device replaces the internal IP address in the source field of the packet header (sender's address) with the external IP address of the NAT device.
- 11Explain all steps needed on a host to send a packet to www.google.com1. Find DNS Record
a. Checks Browser Cache for DNS/IP
b. Checks local OS Cache
c. Checks cache of NS on the router
d. Checks NS from ISP
e. If NS of ISP doesn't have it use Root-NS
2. Browser initiates TCP/IP Three-Way-Handshake
a. Syn to Server
b. Syn/Ack from Server to Ack Connection
c. Ack from Client to Server
d. Connection established
3. Browser sends HTTP(S) Request through the opened TCP Connection
4. Server handles request and sends response
5. Browser display respond from Server
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- Informatik Karteikarten am Network Advanced, erstellt von Simon Perez am 05/12/2019.
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- Simon Perez
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