Karteikarten
Chapter 2 Vocab
Karten in diesem Stapel (20)
- 1HypothesesIdeas or guesses about a given state of affairs put forward as bases for empirical testing
- 2Research methodsThe diverse methods of investigation used to gather empirical (factual) material. Different research methods exist in sociology but the most commonly used are fieldwork (or participant observation) and survey methods. For many purposes it is useful to combine two or more methods within a single research project
- 3EthnographyThe firsthand study of people using participant observation or interviewing
- 4Participant observationA method of research widely used in sociology and anthropology in which the researcher takes part in the activities of the group or community being studied
- 5SurveyA method of sociological research in which questionnaires are administered to the population being studied
- 6PopulationThe people who are the focus of social research
- 7pilot studyA trial run in survey research
- 8SampleA small proportion of a larger population
- 9SamplingStudying a proportion of individuals or cases from a larger population as representative of that population as a whole
- 10Random SamplingSampling method in which a sample is chosen so that every member of the population has the same probability of being included
- 11ExperimentA research method in which variables can be analyzed in a controlled and systematic way, either in an artificial situation constructed by the researcher or in naturally occurring settings
- 12Measures of central tendencyThe ways of calculating averages
- 13Correlation coefficientsThe measure of the degree of correlation between variables
- 14MeanA statistical measure of central tendency or average based on dividing a total by the number of individual cases
- 15MedianThe number that falls halfway in a range of numbers a way of calculating central tendency that is sometimes more useful than calculating a mean
- 16Standard Deviationa way of calculating the spread of a group of figures
- 17Degree of dispersalThe range or distribution of a set of figures
- 18Comparative researchResearch that compares one set of findings on one society with the same type of findings on other societies
- 19ScienceIn the sense of physical science the systematic study of the physical world. Science involves the disciplined marshaling of empirical data combined with theoretical approaches and theories that illuminate or explain those data. scientific activity combines the creation of bold new modes of thought with the careful testing of hypotheses and ideas. one major feature that helps distinguish science from other idea systems is the assumption that all scientific ideas are open to criticism and revision
- 20Empirical investigationFactual inquiries carried out in any area of sociological study
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