Karteikarten
Unit 2 Flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (78)
- 1What is ICT?Information and Communication Technology is the use of technology for input,processing,output,storage and transfer of data and the output of information.
- 2What is a system?A system is something that contains inputs,processes and outputs. It can be using technology or can be paper based.
- 3What are input,processes and outputs?Input is capturing of data,process is converting the data into information and output is the information produced.
- 4What is an ICT system?ICT systems are those where the output from the system goes directly to a human or into another system.
- 5What are the 6 components of an ICT system?People
Data
Procedures
Software
Hardware
Information - 6What is data?Data represents raw facts and figures or a set of values.
- 7What are some types of data?Text
Number
Images
Moving Images
Sound - 8What format does a computer store and process data in?Binary numbers
(bits and bytes) - 9Why do we encode data?Encoding data is used by computers to convert data into machine-readable form.
- 10Why do we code data?Data is coded to change the original data into a shortened version. This is to save on storage space and speed up data entry.
- 11What is processing?Processing is the work the computer does on the data to convert it into information.
- 12What is information?Information is data that has been processed into something that is meaningful.
- 13What factors increase the value of information?Accuracy
Up to Date
Complete
From a reliable source
Relevant - 14What characteristics of users need to be considered when designing a system?Experience
Physical characteristics
Environment of use
Task to be undertaken
Age - 15What key factors need to considered when designing a system?Costs
Timescale
Involvement of clients and users
Requirements of clients and users - 16What is included in a GUI?Windows
Icons
Menus
Pointers - 17What is a menu-driven interface?This is where the user moves through menus to navigate through the system.
- 18What is a command line interface?These are the most difficult to use. It relies on users typing in text-based commands for the computer to execute.
- 19What types of help and support can be provided to users?Video tutorials
FAQ's
Helpline
Online Chats
Manuals - 20What are some essential skills required for an ICT professional?Good comunication skills (verbal and written)
Problem-solving skills
Patience
Willingness to work flexible hours
Teamwork - 21What are the characteristics of an effective ICT team?Team leader must ensure members work together in organised and effective manner.
Encouragement from leader
All strengths and weaknesses taken into account
Appropriate structure for project
Monitoring of task progress
Costs are monitored
Balance of team
Good communication skills - 22What is an ICT network?Linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data,communicating,software and peripherals.
- 23What is a WAN and a LAN and an example of each?WAN-Wide Area Network e.g. worldwide company
LAN-Local Area Network e.g. school - 24What is an intranet?An internal network to communicate via internal email and other methods like newsgroups. This can only be accessed by people involved with the organisation.
- 25What an extranet?The part of an organisations network that can be made available to outside users.
- 26What is a hub?A small,simple network device that allows multiple computers to communicate. Hubs are an inexpensive piece of network equipment found in home wired networks and small businesses.
- 27What is a peer-to-peer network?2 or more computers linked together so that they can share files and peripherals. Each computer needs a NIC. The OS can be used to define which resources can be shared. A hub may be used if more than 2 computers are used. The main computer connects to the internet via an ADSL modem and then to a router so that the other computers can access the internet too.
- 28What is a client-server network?This is likely to be server based. The server needs a specialised network OS that enables it to manage complex sets of user rights. The server is connected to one or more network switches. Each workstation needs the client version of the OS. They are backed up centrally by the server.
- 29What is a router?Hardware device that joins networks together at the network protocol layer.
- 30What is a network switch?Hardware device that joins multiple computers together at the data link protocol layer.
- 31A client-server network
- 32Wireless peer-to-peer network
- 33What is internet?A large group of interconnected computers around the world that allow the sending and retrieval of information from one computer to another;sometimes described as a network of networks
- 34What is the World Wide Web?a collection of multimedia resources accessible via the Internet
- 35Which protocol is used to access files through a web browser?HTTP-Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- 36What language are web pages written in?HTML-HyperText Markup Language
- 37What is a de facto standard?This is a standard where no formal agreement is in place,but a particular standard has become one that is most commonly used in practise.
e.g.GIF or PC - 38What is a de jure standard?Legally binding industry standards that all manufacturers have to agree to work to.
e.g. WiFi - 39What are protocols?a set of known rules that govern the communications between computers on a network.
- 40What is a Transmission Control Protocol? (TCP)A protocol to manage the assembly of data into packets transmitted between computers over the Internet,ensures reliable transmission; used along with Internet Protocol.
- 41What is Internet Protocol (IP)?A protocol which directs data from one computer to another.
- 42What does a protocol do?A protocol includes formatting rules that specify how data is packaged into messages.
- 43What are 4 threats to ICT systems?Employees
Human Error
Viruses
Spyware - 44What is malpractice and give an example?When an employee goes against the company ICT code of practice e.g. leaving a workstation logged on creating an opportunity for an unauthorized individual to access their account.
- 45What is crime and given an ICT related example?When individuals or organisations break the law through using computers to illegally gain access to a computer system e.g to break in and change the payroll figures in an internal database.
- 46What is a virus and give some forms of a virus?a piece of malicious code that is written by programmers and used to corrupt data and systems. It comes in different forms such as trojans,logic bombs and worms.
- 47What is spyware?Installed on user's computer and some of the threats are:
Data is sent to an external source without your permission
Passwords might be stolen
Networks of infected computers could be used to commit further crimes. - 48What are 4 reasons for security breaches?Satisfaction -trying to show off
Personal gain-student changing grades
Financial gain-steal money
Sabotage-damage company - 49Two types of threatData access threat-data is accessed while being communicated across a network illegally
Service threats-disruption of normal running of software e.g. viruses - 50What are some ways to control a threat?Password-based login procedures
Firewalls
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
Digital signatures - 51How are ICT systems protected?Hardware measures
Software measures
Procedures
Combination of above - 52What hardware measures could be put in place?Only let allowed removable devices be used
Fix workstations to desk
Restricted access to computer rooms e.g. ID pads,biometrics - 53What software measures could be put in place?User names and passwords
Controlled access rights e.g.no access,read only,full control
Network security software
Automatic saving
Data encryption - 54What procedures could be put in place?Induction training- responsibilities regarding data security
Backup procedures
ICT code of practice - 55What is the Data Protection Act 1998?regulates how personal data is used and protects data subjects from the misuse of their personal data.
- 56What are the rights of data subjects?to see what data is held about them
to have an errors corrected
to refuse to allow data to be processed for junk mail
to refuse to allow sensitive data to be processed
to complain to data protection commissioner about any abuse to act
to claim compensation if damaged by misuse of act - 57What is the role of the Data Protection Commissioner?enforcing and overseeing the Act
raising awareness of the act and its implications
investigating complaints - 58What are the 3 offences identified in the Computer Misuse Act 1990?1. unauthorised access to computer material.
2. unauthorised access with intent to commit or facilitate commission of further offences.
3. unauthorised modification of computer material. - 59What can happen to individual for each of these offences?1. Max prison sentence-6 months and/or Max fine £2000
2 &3- Max prison sentence- 5 years and/or a fine. - 60How could an organisation deal with computer misuse?Preventative measures
Computer security - 61What is a firewall?acts as a barrier between the public Internet and your private computer or network and blocks threats including some viruses.
- 62A firewall
- 63What is the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988?It applies to computer software as well as non-ICT-related media and gives the creator control over the ways in which their material may be used.
- 64What are the three types of licenses available for computer software?1. Single-User Licence
2. Multi-User Licence
3. A Site Licence - 65What questions need to be considered when thinking about backup?What data needs to be backed up?
How often does the data need to be backed up?
When does the data need to be backed up?
Which backup media will be used?
Who will be responsible?
Where will the data be stored? - 66What are some causes of data loss?Natural disasters
Human error
Software corruption
Virus attack
Hardware error
Sabotage - 67What is a full backup?This is when all data stored in files and folders is backed up.
- 68What is a differential backup?This is when only data that is different from the last full backup is backed up.
- 69What is an incremental backup?This is when all files since any type of previous backup are backed up.
- 70What 6 things can ICT provide?Fast,repetitive processing
Vast storage capacity
Improved search facilities
Improved presentation of information
Improved accessibility of information and services
Improved security of data and processes - 71Why aren't ICT systems always appropriate to use?Limitations in what they can be used for
Limitations in information they produce
Appropriateness of solutions - 72What are the three types of processing?Batch
Interactive
Transaction - 73What is batch processing?This is where data is collected together in a group or batch before processing takes place.. When the job is run, the data held in the transaction file is used to update the master file. There is no interaction between the computer and user.
- 74What is interactive processing?This is where this is interaction between the ICT system and the user. The user reacts to prompts from the computer and the computer uses these prompts to process data.
The data is processed at the time it is input and output is also immediate. - 75What is transaction processing?This allows many users to access and update a system at apparently the same time. Each transaction must be completed before the next transaction is begun. It must be able to work quickly with a large amount of different transactions taking place,from many different users.
- 76What factors may influence the use of ICT systems?Cultural
Economic
Environmental
Ethical
Legal
Social - 77What is data security?Data security is commonly referred to as the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data.
- 78What is data privacy?Data privacy is suitably defined as the appropriate use of data..
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- A-Level ICT (Unit 2) Karteikarten am Unit 2 Flashcards, erstellt von sophiegreer3 am 25/04/2015.
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