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- 1What were the views and practices of the Buddha’s contemporaries, which Buddha criticized?his contemporaries believed that everything was due to the will of God, everything was predetermined by past karma, everything happened by chance.
- Buddha believed that these views denied the free will and power of human effort
- also critiqued Brahmanical sacrifices and doctrine of the self instead insisted that true sacrifice is a bloodless one such as the act of generosity to wandering ascetics, leading an ethical life, and attaining a spiritual awakening - 2In what century did the Buddha kyamuni liveThe Buddha Kyamuni lived in 563 BCE
- 3What pre-Buddhist scriptures include metaphysical speculations that laid the groundwork for Buddhism?The scriptures of the Brahmanas (Vedas), The Upanisads who believed in self- realization through meditation, the doctrine of self (atman), and the goal of freedom from the cycle of rebirth (samsara), as well as the concept of karma, and reincarnation.
- 4What inspired the Buddha to abandon his comfortable life in the palace?The Buddha saw an old man, a sick man, a decaying corpse and an ascetic. He sought to find the truth- the cause of human suffering.
- 5What was a purpose of the Buddha’s teaching of karma?To show that people could change their life for better or worse by their actions and either secure a better life in their next reincarnation or freedom from reincarnation.
- 6What are some of the conditions for someone to become a historical Buddhaa. 8 conditions for sammasambuddha:
i. The human state
ii. Possession of the right sex
iii. Cause for attaining Buddhahood in the same life by striving for it
iv. Meeting the previous Buddha
v. Leaving the home and becoming a wandering ascetic
vi. One must have attained special qualities
vii. Extreme dedication
viii. Strong desire - 7What are the Four Noble Truths? (A sentence for each will suffice)a. All composite phenomena are unsatisfactory/ suffering
b. The cause of suffering is insatiable desire that stems from ignorance
c. There is freedom from suffering- nirvana
d. The path leading to the removal of suffering is the Eightforld noble path - 8What is a reason behind the phenomena’s impermanence?a. Ignorance of mistaking the impermanent for the permanent leads to attachment -> desire/ craving -> prevents one from living in the present
- 9What is meant by ignorance in Buddhism?a. Ignorance= Mistaking the impermanent for the permanent and mistaking that which is not self for the self
b. Ignorance leads to attachment and therefore mental suffering
c. Ignorance gives rise to carving: a compulsive or insatiable drive for self- gratification, which leads to disappointment and frustration - 1010. What are the three mental poisons/ afflictions, wherefrom do they arise, and what are they responsible for?a. Sorrow= suffering due to the loss of loved ones, wealth, virtue, health, doctrine, etc.
b. Grief – suffering of regret at one’s own failure – seding someone
‘s misfortune – sympathy as self- projected pity
c. Despair = an absence of hope, suffering due to the loss of control over the external circumstances - 11What are the three main types of suffering?a. Manifest suffering- A type of suffering that is recognized by everyone, disregarding one’s background. Everyone- including animals, are trying to eliminate it
b. Suffering of Change- Arises when a pleasant circumstance turns into dissatisfaction as it changes. Happiness that depends on external conditions that are subject to change turns into dissatisfaction
c. All Pervasive Suffering- Inborn in our bodies and minds and is shared by all embodied beings and is experienced in different degrees of subtlety - 12What is nirvana and what constitutes the path toward nirvana?a. Nirvana = a cessation of all forms of suffering
i. The state of perpetual mental wellbeing: peace and bliss= ultimate mental health
ii. A blowing out of the fire of craving
iii. Transcends the concepts of existence and non- existence, food and evil - 13Given a list of the 8 limbs of the 8-fold path, show which belong to each of the 3 pillars.a. Wisdom Pillar:
i. Right View
ii. Right Intention
b. Ethical Conduct Pillar:
i. Right Speech
ii. Right Action
iii. Right livelihood
c. Concentration pillar:
i. Right Effort
ii. Right Mindfulness
iii. Right concentration - 14Why is an ethical life important in Buddhism?a. It leads to internally and externally directed peace
b. It frees one from regrets over the past actions and anxieties over the future consequences - 15What is a cause of the origination and destruction of the cosmos according to Buddhism?a. The cosmos comes into existence due to Karma of Beings
b. The cosmos are maintained and destroyed by the Karma of sentient beings
c. The heat of the sun creates thin milk layer on the earth surface> asexual beins are evolved> due to eating the crust they become corporeal and sexual beings> greed arises > private property > hate > crime: murder and theft > kingdoms and laws - 16List the 6 realms of rebirth and briefly explain the characteristics of each of the 6 realms of rebirth.a. God’s/ Devas – accumulated good karma but use it exhaust it complexly
b. Asura (Demi-Gods) – always fighting and jealous of Deva’s
c. Human’s- can change karma for better or worse
d. Animals- can’t get good or bad karma
e. Pretas (hungry Ghosts)- constantly craving/ insatiable
f. Hell- tortured until bad karma is exhausted - 17Which realm within samsra is best for attaining enlightenment and why?a. Human realm is the best because one is able to learn about the dharma
- 18Who are pretas, or hungry ghosts, and why are beings born as pretas?a. Beings that undergo more than human suffering- an extreme degree of hunger and thirst. Pretas were false, corrupted, compulsive, deceitful, jealous or greedy people in a previous life.
- 19What determines a lifespan of beings within a particular realm of existence?a. –the collective social karma of every being
- 20What does “karma” signify in Buddhism and what does it determine?a. Karma= an “action” in the broadest sense of the term
b. Karma= those actions that result from intentions - 21Is Buddhist view of karma a type of predetermination, or fatalism? What is the most important factor in determining a moral quality of karma?a. Neither, it’s the middle way. Volition/ intention determines the moral quality of an action
b. Good action w/ bad motivations leads to negative consequences
c. Unskilled Action w/ good Motivation don’t necessarily cause bad consequences - 22What are the three types of Karma and which one of them is most important?1. Mental (most important) – responsible for the verbal and physical actions
2. Propulsive- determines the type of realm they’ll be reborn into
3. Accomplish – determines the quality of life in that realm - 23What determines a moral quality of karma?a. Volition/ intention (Cetana) does.
- 24What is volitiona. The moral quality of an action
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- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Untitled, erstellt von grantdugger am 20/10/2013.
- Erstellt von
- grantdugger · Okt 2013
- Aktualisiert
- 19 Feb 2016
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