Karteikarten
Ohne Titel
Karten in diesem Stapel (28)
- 1SampleSubset of a population of interest from which information or data is gathered. Samples often comprise people, but they can also be other things, including geographic areas (e.g., cities or organizations) or documents (e.g., newspaper reports).
- 2Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)Part of the Office of Justice Programs (OJP), it is responsible for collecting, analyzing, and publishing data related to crime in the United States, which is gathered from the 50,000 agencies that comprise the U.S. justice system.
- 3National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)Nationally representative survey sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) that gathers data about property and violence victimization occurring in the United States to persons age 12 or older living in housing units. NCVS data are one of the nation’s sources of crime data, which includes both crimes that is and is not reported to the police. NCVS data demonstrate a drop in violent and property crime since the early 1990s.
- 4Research questionQuestion that guides research designed to generate knowledge. This question guides the research endeavor.
- 5Literature reviewComprehensive overview of prior research regarding a specific topic detailing what is known about the topic, and what is not yet known, thereby setting up the rationale or need for a new investigation, which is what the actual study to which the literature review is attached seeks to do
- 6National Research Act of 1974Created by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The purpose of this act was to develop human subjects research guidelines.
- 7Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects and ResearchReport that outlined the principles of human subjects research including respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
- 8The following three requirements for human subjects research are indicated by the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice in the Belmont ReportInformed consent, Assessment of risk and benefits, Selection of subjects
- 9Voluntary participationRequired in ethical research. A participant’s engagement in a study must be grounded in having received comprehensible information about the study. Only after receiving this can a participant voluntarily agree to engage in the study.
- 10Informed consentFirst requirement of ethical research stated in the Belmont Report. Informed consent indicates participants can choose what shall or shall not be done to them. To obtain informed consent, the research participant must be given comprehensible information about the study, from which he or she can volunteer to participate.
- 11Assessment of risk and benefitsSecond requirement of ethical research stated in the Belmont Report. It is required that all parties engaged in research examine whether the benefits of the study outweigh the risks. It is the researcher’s responsibility to properly design a study and to ensure that the selection of subjects is fair and just. It is a review committee’s responsibility to identify whether any risks to the participants are justified. Participants must assess whether they will or will not participate.
- 12Selection of subjectsThird requirement in the Belmont Report requires that subjects in research should be fairly selected and that the benefits and risks of the research should be fairly distributed.
- 13Institutional review boards (IRBs)Committee convened and tasked with reviewing, approving, and monitoring health and social science research involving humans in the United States. With few exceptions, all research that is supported in any fashion by the U.S. federal government requires IRB oversight; other funding sources may also require IRB approval for human subjects research.
- 14Purpose of the researchOverarching goal of the research. Broadly, there are four categories of purposes of research: exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and evaluation.
- 15Exploratory researchResearch that addresses questions such as these: “What is it?” “How is it?” “Where is it?” This approach is used when little or nothing is known about a topic.
- 16Descriptive researchFocused description of a topic that answers questions such as these: “What is it?” “What are the characteristics of it?” “What does it look like?” It is similar to exploratory research, but it is narrower given knowledge gained by exploratory research.
- 17Explanatory researchResearch that provides explanations about a topic by addressing question such as these: “Why is it?” “How is it?” “What is the effect of it?” “What causes it?” “What predicts it?”
- 18Evaluation researchApplied systematic assessment of the need for, implementation of, or output of a program based on objective criteria. By using the data gathered in evaluation research, the researcher can improve, enhance, expand, or terminate a program. Evaluation research involves seven basic steps: identifying and engaging stakeholders, developing the research question, designing the methodology, gathering data/evidence, analyzing the data, developing findings and conclusions, justifying the recommendations, and communicating findings and recommendations.
- 19Federal Policy for the Protections of Human SubjectsSet of regulations developed by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 1991 that guides most contemporary research today.
- 20National Institutes of Health (NIH)Federal collection of 27 institutes and centers engaged in biomedical research. NIH offers free online training in human subjects research.
- 21Peer-reviewed journal articlesPublished articles that were rigorously peer-reviewed before being published in an academic journal. These are an excellent source of information used in a literature review.
- 22Empirical peer-reviewed journal articleype of original or primary source that is useful in constructing a literature review. This research is based on systematic observation and has undergone rigorous peer-review prior to publication.
- 23Theoretical journal articleType of primary or original source that is of great value in constructing an academic literature review. A theoretical journal article evaluates an existing theory, proposes revisions to an existing theory, or proposes a new theory.
- 24Theoretical FrameworkIdentify the theory (theories or theoretical framework) that has influenced your choice of research topic. Succinctly and concisely explain this theoretical framework and how it relates to the current topic.
- 25Research design (or Methods or Research methods)Basically you will explain the steps in how you will conduct your research. The research design should begin with a summary of the elements listed below, see example, and then each step in the process is explained.
- 26What is a research proposal?a plan that provides details about how you will conduct original research to study a particular problem or topic of interest.
- 27Literature review journal articlesType of original or primary source valuable for constructing a literature review. A published literature reviews, presents, organizes, and synthesizes existing understanding on a topic.
- 28MEALWriting strategy in which one begins with a main point, offers evidence, analyzes the evidence, and then links that material to the main point.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Ohne Titel, erstellt von Anna Andersen am 27/09/2022.
- Erstellt von
- Anna Andersen
- Aufrufe
- 0
- Bewertung