Karteikarten
Unit 30
Karten in diesem Stapel (30)
- 1Direct speech involves the exact replication of a speaker's words, capturing their original meaning, tone, and context.the exact replication of a speaker's words,
capturing their original meaning, tone, and context. - 2This form of speech is composed of:two key elements: the reporting clause and the quote.
- 3The reporting clause introduces:the speaker and often provides
contextual information such as the time, manner, or situation in which
the words were spoken. - 4The quote refers to:the speaker's precise words and is always enclosed in inverted commas. These words should remain unaltered to preserve
their original meaning and intent. - 5In reported speech, question marks indicate:uncertainty or inquiry.
- 6Exclamation marks convey...strong emotions, such as surprise, joy, or
urgency. - 7Dashes introduce:a sudden interruption or an abrupt change in the speaker’s thought process
- 8When the reporting clause comes after or in the middle of the quote...the subject-verb inversion may occur, particularly if the verb is in the simple present or past tense. This often happens with common reporting
verbs like "said" or "replied." - 9In cases where the direct speech spans multiple sentences, the reporting clause is generally placed...after the first sentence to maintain
clarity. For example:
“I’ve finished my work,” Anna said. “Now I can relax.” - 10The choice of reporting verbs in direct speech can offer...additional layers of meaning and provide insight into the nature of the speech act.
- 11Some commonly used reporting verbs in English include:ask, answer, claim, explain, announce, promise, protest, warn, declare, admit, and
reply. - 12When converting direct speech into indirect speech, there are adjustments which span across:verb tenses, pronouns, time expressions, and sentence structure.
- 13The conversion process varies depending on:whether the direct speech
consists of statements, questions, commands, exclamations, or
suggestions. - 14When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb tense in direct speech generally shifts to:a corresponding past form in indirect speech. This is referred to as "back-shifting".
- 15For instance, past progressive turns into:Past perfect progressive
- 16For instance, future continuous turns into:Conditional continuous
- 17Can, may and will backshift tocould/might/would.
- 18MUST can remain unchanged if...it refers to a general truth.
- 19When converting direct questions into indirect speech, the changes depend on the type of questions:Yes/No questions
or Wh- questions. - 20Yes/No questions are those that....can be answered with a simple "yes"
or "no." - 21When reporting yes/no questions, we introduce the reported clause with:if or whether.
The auxiliary verb is dropped, and the word
order is changed to subject + verb, forming a declarative structure. - 22When reporting wh- questions these question words are....preserved. However, the word order is changed to a declarative structure, meaning that the verb follows the subject.
- 23In indirect speech, exclamations...lose their immediate emotional intensity and are often transformed into descriptive
statements. - 24When reporting orders from direct speech, the imperative form of the original sentence must be transformed into:an infinitive construction.
- 25Reporting orders involves the use of reporting verbs such as:tell, order, or command, which imply a hierarchical relationship between the speaker and the listener.
- 26Requests in direct speech are typically...polite in nature, often framed using modal verbs such as can, could, or would.
- 27Recommendations and suggestions are typically conveyed through:softer language in direct speech indicating advice or proposals rather than
commands. - 28In contemporary narrative writing, Free Indirect Speech (FIS) is a...crucial technique for presenting characters' thoughts and dialogue in
a more fluid and nuanced way. - 29FIS relies on:syntactic, pragmatic and lexical characteristics.
- 30Some characteristics presented on FIS are:There is no reported clause, and thus no “that” subordinator.
- Third-person pronouns are used to refer to the implied speaker.
- Inversion between subject and verb in question form, as in direct
speech.
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- Oposiciones OPOPASS 24-25 Karteikarten am Unit 30, erstellt von OPOPASS ENGLISH am 01/04/2025.
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- OPOPASS ENGLISH
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