Karteikarten
Echinodermata
Karten in diesem Stapel (30)
- 1Defining characteristics- Water Vascular System (WVS)
- Secondary radial symmetry (larvae is bilateral symmetrical)
- Endoskeleton formed by calacareous ossicles made by the mesodermally-derived tissue
- "mutable" connective tissue - 2General characteristics- all species are marine
- deuterostomes
- the free larvae is bilateral symmetrical
- most adults are pentamerous
- no cephalization (no distinctive head)
- body surfaces either aboral or oral (without mouth or with mouth) - 3Water Vascular system: structue- internal canals that are linked to the outside sea-water through the madreporite
- ring canal in center from where the radial tubes protrude one in each arm
- from the radial tubes runs lateral tubes where the tube foot is placed (oral side) as well as ampullae (aboral side) - 4Water Vascular system: the five functions- gas exchange
- locomotion
- excretion (through tube feet)
- circulatory system (together with other coelomic compartments)
- some groups: chemoreception and food collection - 5Water Vascular system: How does it function for the locomotion?- From the lateral tube there are one-way valves that can close, so water doesn´t run back into the radial tubes when the ampullaes are compressed
- ampullae presses or sucks water into/out of the tube feet, altering their size
- retractor muscles move foot in the wanted direction
- duo-glands make sure the foot sucks to surface or release
- suction disc at end of tube foot also makes the foot stick to surface - 6Radial symmetry- is secondarily derived
- larvae is bilaterally symmetrical
- no cephalization - 7Endoskeleton- mesodermallly-derived tissue make the calcareous ossicles
- the calcareous ossicles are intra-cellularly produced and are covered by a thin epithelium - 8"Mutable" connective tissueThe viscocity of the connective tissue can change rapidly and is under direct control of the nervous system.
The mechanism of this invovles polymerization and depolymerization of macro-molecules (e.g. collagen) - 9"Mutable" connective tissue: What is the function of the depolymerization of the connective tissue?It can be used in "arm casting" (=moving the arms flexibly) and "evisceration" (=expelling internal organs as a defense mechanism seen in sea cucumbers)
- 10"Mutable" connective tissue: What is the function of the polymerization of the connective tissue?It can be used for wedging into small crevices for protection and for opening bivalves
- 11Which structure is associated with respiration and excretion?The tube feet and dermal papulae (outfolds of epidermis)
- 12Which structure is associated with the circulatory system?WVS and other coelomic compartments, such as the main body cavity and the hemal system
- 13What is coelomocytes and what are their functions?They are specialized cells found in tissue and body fluids:
- recognize and phagocytize foreign materials
- synthesize collagen
- transport oxygen
- phagocytizing food particles - 14What are the main classes and subclasses?Crinoidea
Stelleroidea
- Ophiuroidea
- Asteroidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea - 15What are the two groups of animals within the Crinoidea (Sea Lily)?- sea lilies: stalked, sessile
- feather stars: non-stalked motile, have cirri - 16What feeding habits do the animals in the class Crinoidea have?Suspension feeders: intentionally catch food particles from surrounding water with structures that are specialized for this function
- 17What structure is related to the feeding habit in the Class Crinoidea?The arms and grooves: the pinnules on the arms lead the food particles to the groove where cilia leads the food to the mouth and mucus glands secrete mucus that entangle the food particles
- 18What are some characteristics that set the class Crinoidea apart from the rest?- no madreporites
- a group are stalked and non-motile - 19Class Stelleroidea: Defining characteristics- oldest class in phylum
- have primitive characteristics
- arms present in multiple of 5 and extend from the central disc
- the digestive system is tubular with a mouth and anus - 20Class Stelleroidea: subclass Ophiuroidea (brittle stars): Defining characteristics- ossicles in arms are well developed and jointed, forming "vertebrae"
- bursal slits on oral surface, which can be used for gas exchange and brooding
(G.C: anus absent)
OBS: differ from sea stars by primarily using its arms for locomotion - 21Class Stelleroidea: subclass Ophiuroidea: feeding habitsdeposit or suspension feeders
- 22Class Stelleroidea: subclass Ophiuroidea: what are the structures for protection on the animal?- oral surface body disc: thin layer of minute, calcareous scales
- aboral surface bears a number of shields - 23Class Stelleroidea: subclass Ophiuroidea: what are the functions of the shields on the aboral side of the animal?- protection
- in some species the surface of the shields form lenses that focus light on underlying nerves - 24Class Stelleroidea: subclass Asteroidea: some general characteristics- gonads and parts of digestive glands extend into the arms
- differ from the brittle stars by primarily using the tube feet for locomotion and they move slower than the brittle stars - 25Class Stelleroidea: subclass Asteroidea: some characteristics of the digestive system- mouth towards substrate, anus towards surface
- three parts: cardiac stomach (digestion), pyloric stomach and pyloric caeca (both for secretion of enzymes and absorption)
- can protrude the cardiac stomach and digest prey externally - 26Class Stelleroidea: subclass Asteroidea: AutotomizationA chemically induced process where the animal can cast of its arms when distressed or attacked
- 27Class Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars): Defining characteristics- ossicles are jointed to form a rigid test
- podia pores pass through ambulacral plates
- Aristotle´s lantern: comples system of ossicles and muscles, that surrounds the esophagus and is used for grazing and chewing
- stomach not protrusible - 28Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers): Defining characteristics- worm-shaped body and elongated on oral-aboral axis
- ossicles are reduced in size and embedded in the body wall (make up large portion of dry weight)
- highly branches, muscular respiration structures (respiration tree) that extends from the cloaca into the coelomic cavity - 29Class Holothuroidea: feeding habitsdeposit feeder:
can ingest over 130 kg of substrate per year - 30Class Holothuroidea: what is a difference in the WVS compared to the other classes?WVS is present, but not connected to the outside
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Bachelors Structure and Function of Marine Invertebrates Karteikarten am Echinodermata, erstellt von Mia Lybkær Kronborg Nielsen am 25/11/2015.
- Erstellt von
- Mia Lybkær Kronborg Nielsen · Nov 2015
- Aktualisiert
- 19 Feb 2016
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- 1
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