Karteikarten
SCNC 302 Final
Karten in diesem Stapel (140)
- 1An atom is really small, about how small?1 x 10^-10 m
- 2Elements 1-92 are...Natural elements
- 3Elements 93 & beyond are...Transuranium elements
- 4Who is responsible for the symbols of elements on the Periodic Table?Dalton
- 5Who is responsible for the Periodic Table?Mendelev
- 6Who made the 1st model of Atom's Planetary?Bohr
- 7Who said that the atom is mostly empty space?Rutherford
- 8Who thought about & opened the discussion about the atomthe Greeks
- 9Who coined the term atom?Democritus
- 10There are protons and neutrons in the...Nucleus
- 11Electrons have what kind of pattern?wave
- 12What is around the nucleus?the electron cloud
- 13What holds electrons close to the nucleus?opposing charges
- 14The Nucleus is held together by what?Nuclear Forces
- 15Most of the mass is in the..Nucleus
- 16Most of the volume is in the..Electron cloud
- 17The number of protons make the...Atomic number
- 18Atomic mass is made up of...protons and neutrons
- 19What are atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons?Isotopes
- 20What is protons and neutrons together?the Nucleon
- 21Outer shell electronsValence electrons
- 22Everything elsethe Kernal
- 23When atoms receive energy the valence electrons get excited & when they fall back to ground state & emit light it's called..Photons
- 24Quantum numbers has how many parts?4
- 25a probable distance from the nucleusprincipal
- 26tells the shapeorbital
- 27tells which axis it is onmagnetic
- 28what are the oribitalss, p, d, and f
- 29s orbital
- 30p orbital
- 31? some say it exists and some say it doesn'tspin
- 32the type of radiation with the symbol: 4/2 HeAlpha
- 33the least dangerous type of radiation and can be stopped by a couple sheets of paperAlpha
- 34The type of radiation with the symbol: e^-1Beta
- 35Type of radiation that can be stopped by woodBeta
- 36The type of radiation that has the symbols: Y or the Jesus fishGamma
- 37The most dangerous type of radiation that can be stopped by leadGamma
- 38When are we exposed to radioactivity?ALWAYS
- 39Radiation is based on it; the closer you get to it the worse it isProximetry
- 40every chemical has one; if you take in 50% of a chemical you have a 50% chance of dyingLD 50; lethal dose 50
- 41How many rems is the LD 50 of radiation?500
- 42What is the only thing that doesn't emit radiation?Water
- 432 reasons why atoms emit radiation1) the atoms are just big
2) there aren't enough neutrons to hold the nucleus together - 44the time required for half the material to decayhalf-life
- 45the changing of one chemical into another elementtransmutation
- 46Allows you to determine the age of the materialcarbon dating
- 47the splitting of an atomfission
- 48a chain reaction occurs until mass is reachedfission reaction
- 49the combining of atoms to make bigger atomsfusion
- 50Who said mass can be converted to energyEinstein
- 51the study of matter and it's interactionsChemistry
- 52Anything that occupies space and has massmatter
- 53a measured quantity of mattermass
- 54made up of different particlesheterogenous
- 55made up of all the same throughouthomogenous
- 56easy to tear apart; composed of different thingsmixture
- 57a single item that cannot be decomposedelement
- 58two elements together; can be decomposedcompound
- 59when you are solving a problemapplied science
- 60when you are developing and understanding how things workbasic research
- 61what travels 1100 mph & gets this speed b/c they're bouncing off of each otherAtoms
- 62when gas molecules move through openingsdiffusion
- 63takes extra energy and time to go from a liquid to a gasheat of vaporization
- 64takes extra energy and time to go from a solid to a liquidheat of fusion
- 65from a liquid to a gas; a cooling processevaporation
- 66from a gas to a liquid; a warming processcondensation
- 67property that can be determined by altering the substancechemical property
- 68property that can be determined without altering the substancephysical property
- 69a change that occurs by altering the substancechemical change
- 70a change that occurs that does not alter the substancephysical change
- 71On the periodic table, the left side isMetals
- 72The right side is...non-metals
- 73If an element touches the stairwell it isa semi-metal metalloid
- 74a vertical column on the periodic tablegroup
- 75a horizontal row on the periodic tableseries
- 76are formed when the valence electrons from different elements go together to form chemical bondscompounds
- 77All atoms try to obtain a...full outer shell or octet
- 78are formed when metals react with non-metals; when this happens, electrons are transferred from 1 atom to anotherIonic Bonds
- 79are formed when non-metals react with non-metals and valence electrons are sharedcovalent bonds
- 80bonds between metalsmetallic bonds
- 81the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itselfelectronegativity
- 82polar molecules dissolve...polar molecules
- 83non-polar molecules dissolve...non- polar molecules
- 84the part that gets dissolvedsolute
- 85the part that does the dissolvingsolvent
- 86a solution holding less than the max number of solute particlesunsaturated
- 87holding the max number of solute particlessuper-saturated
- 88a homogenous mixture in which all components are dissolved in the same phasesolution
- 89how much oxygen, water can hold; cold water can hold more oxygenDO level, Dissolved Oxygen Level
- 90Reactants ________ Productsyields
- 91what says that atoms can't be created or destroyedthe Law of Mass Conservation
- 92What are common household acids & their usevinegar (cooking), sulfuric (fertilizer, indication of nation's growth), hydrochloric (extracts metals), nitric (explosive), and carbonic (atmosphere)
- 93acid particle is a...hydronium ion
- 94what is an acida hydrogen donor
- 95bases are a....hydrogen acceptor
- 96base particle is the...hydrogen ion
- 97acids and bases react to form _____ & _____.salt & water
- 98what is a cation from a base and an anion from an acidsalt
- 99If it's with an acid it acts like a base; if it's with a base it acts like an acidamphoteric
- 100Formed by burning coal, the sulfur in the coal is burnt to produce sulfur dioxide gas and it goes up in the atmosphere, reacts with water to form....acid rain (the story)
- 101Acid rain can fall up to _____ miles from where it is produced.500
- 102common household bases and their itemsoap (feels slippery), milk of magnesia (for upset tummy), lime water (spray on gardens/a fertilizer), ammonia (cleaning), and baking soda (cooking)
- 103pH below 7 is anacid
- 104pH above 7a base
- 105The process of a neutral atom becoming positive & it loses electronsoxidation
- 106the process of a neutral atom becoming negative & it gains electronsreduction
- 107Molarity, Molality, Normality, %Weight/Volume, % Weight/Weight, % Volume/Volume, parts per million, and ppb all measure how _____ something isstrong
- 108what changes chemical energy to electrical energy?Fuel cells
- 1092 reasons why we don't use fuel cells1) you'd need a big tank
2) it's explosive - 1102 ways to prevent corrosionElectroplating & galvanization
- 111the rate at which chemical reaction occursreaction rate
- 112ways to facilitate a chemical reactionmake the reactants hit together faster w/better orientation, reduce the activation energy, add a catalyst, add heat, add electricity, add sunlight
- 113What gives off heatexothermic
- 114What absorbs heat; gets coldendothermic
- 115The only known element that can bond to form an endless # of compoundscarbon
- 116Organic compounds that contain only carbon & hydrogenHydrocarbons
- 117Examples of Hydrocarbonsmethane, octane, and natural gas
- 118Have the same molecular formula but different structuresStructural Isomers
- 119Hydrocarbons are obtain from _____ & ______.coal & petroleum
- 120How do we separate coal and petroleum?fractional distillation
- 121has multiple bondsunsaturated hydrogen
- 122has all single bondssaturated hydrogen
- 123Any atom other that carbon or hydrogen is aheteroatom
- 124How you distinguish organic compounds...functional groups
- 125Common _____ are: methanale (wood ___), ethanol (drinking ____), isopropyl (rubbing ____)Alcohols
- 126disinfect surgical instruments; a common ex. is listerinePhenols
- 127first used as an anesthetic; not soluble in water, low boiling points, and evaporates easily.Ethers
- 128these ones stink; they have a lock-and-key modelAmines
- 129what finds organic molecules to fit into other molecules to block things?the lock and key model
- 130acetone is the most famousKetones
- 131they are fragrantaldehydes
- 132used as a bug repellantamides
- 133Vinegar & Aspirin are made from this groupCarboxylic Acid
- 134Not an acid, used for flavoringEsters
- 135What is used to make plastics?Polymers
- 136Formed by joining monomers togetherAddition Polymers
- 137An example of an addition polymerteflon
- 138What is characterized by losing electronsCondensation Polymers
- 139An example of condensation polymers isnylon
- 140All organic chemistry is based uponcarbon
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- Karteikarten am SCNC 302 Final, erstellt von dyer.ashleym am 09/12/2013.
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- dyer.ashleym
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