Karteikarten
Thermal physics
Karten in diesem Stapel (35)
- 1What is temperature?•A measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance.
- 2Why do we call it as the average kinetic energy?•Since there are large number of molecules with different kinetic energy, an average KE is taken to represent all the molecules.
- 3What are the units used to measure temperature?•Kelvin (SI Unit)
•Degrees Celsius
•Farenheit
•Rankine - 4Why do we tell that volume is zero for a substance at 0K?•At 0K, the substance has a negligible volume compared to the total volume of the container.
- 5What is a 'degree of freedom'?•Molecules in a body have a number of independent ways of moving such as side to side, up and down.
•These independent ways are called degrees of freedom - 6What is the difference between a hot body and a cold body?•The average kinetic energy per degree of freedom is greater in a hot body than a cold body.
- 7What are the three ways of transferring heat energy?•Conduction
•Convection
•Radiation - 8What happens to the molecules under absolute zero temperature?•The molecules have been ceased.
•Hence, the average KE will be zero.
•Since the particles are not moving, the particles wont collide against the walls of the container.
•Consequently, a force and pressure is not exerted. - 9What is conduction?•The transfer of heat energy through a substance by
vibrations and collisions of neighboring molecules - 10What is significant about the net movement of molecules in conduction?•There is no net movement of molecules.
- 11What is convection?•The transfer of heat energy through substance through the vertical movement of molecules.
•The molecules at the bottom becomes less dense and rise up.
•This causes cooler molecules to sink into the vacant regions. - 12What is the difference between conduction and convection?•Conduction has no net movement of molecules but convection has.
•Conduction occurs for solids whereas convection occurs for liquids and gases. - 13What is meant by Specific heat capacity?•The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 kelvin.
- 14What can be said about a substance which has a low specific heat capacity?•It heats up faster.
- 15What is meant by Internal energy?•The addition of average kinetic energy and the potential energy.
- 16How do molecules gain KE and PE?•By putting workdone against the intermolecular forces between them.
- 17What the other names given to internal energy?Heat energy or thermal energy.
- 18What is a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?•A curve which shows the variation of the number of molecules against the kinetic energy of the molecules.
- 19In a Maxwell-Boltzamann distribution, what quantity can be used instead of kinetic energy?•Speed
- 20What are the principles of a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve?•There are no molecules with zero kinetic energy.
•As temperature increases, average K.E. increases.
•There is no maximum value for the energy which a molecule can have.
•Area under the curve represents the total KE. - 21How can the average speed of molecules be found?•The peak value of a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve. (x axis is speed)
•Root mean square speed. - 22Of which two objects do we find the SHC?•Water
•Metal block - 23What are Macroscopic gas properties?•The properties of a gas which are measured or seen by the naked eye are known as macroscopic properties.
- 24What are examples of the macroscopic properties?•Mass, pressure, absolute temperature, volume
- 25What can be said about the correlation between macroscopic properties?•They are interrelated.
•When one property changes, atleast one of the other properties will change. - 26What are the gas laws which are used to investigate the relationship between macroscopic properties?•Boyle's law
•Pressure law
•Charles's law - 27What are the two quantities investigated in Boyle's law?•Pressure and volume
- 28What are the two quantities explained in Pressure law?•Pressure and absolute temperature
- 29What are the two quantities investigated in Charles Law?•Volume and absolute Temperature
- 30From the 3 given laws, which quantity is not investigated at all?•Mass
- 31How can Boyle's law be explained?•For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies.
- 32How can Pressure law be explained?•For a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume, the pressure exerted by a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
- 33How can Charles's law be explained?•For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume occupied by the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
- 34What is Brownian motion?•The random and rapid movement of gas molecules in a zig zag path.
- 35When a collision occurs during
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- A-Level Physics Karteikarten am Thermal physics , erstellt von Jio Jenassi am 10/02/2016.
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