Karteikarten
AQA physics P1
Karten in diesem Stapel (37)
- 11)name 3 ways heat is transferred? 2)what affects the rate of heat energy transfer?1)radiation, conduction and convection.
2)the temperature difference between the body and its surroundings gives faster energy transfer. - 21)What electromagnetic wave is involved in radiation? 2)if an object emits more heat, is it hotter or colder than its surroundings? 3)what is the best surface for absorbing heat radiation? 4)what is the best surface for reflecting heat radiation?1)infra-red.
2)hotter
3)dark and matte
4)light and shiny - 3describe the arrangement of a solid... include: -attraction between particles -regular or irregular? -how much energy particles have? -how the particles move?particles have a strong attraction keeping them in a regular structure. The particles have little energy and vibrate around a fixed point
- 4describe the arrangement of a liquid... include: -attraction between particles -regular or irregular? -how much energy particles have? -how the particles move?weaker forces of attraction, particles are close but move to form an irregular structure.. particles have more energy than a solid and move slowly and randomly.
- 5describe the arrangement of a gas... include: -attraction between particles -regular or irregular? -how much energy particles have? -how the particles move?almost no attraction between particles but they have more energy than a solid or gas. irregular structure and the particles move freely at high speeds.
- 61)describe what happens in conduction? 2)why are metals good conductors?1)vibrating particles pass on extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles. at the hot end particles move faster and collide with free electrons, transferring energy.
2)they have free electrons. - 7describe what happens in a convection current?particles in a hot region have more energy and becomes less dense, therefore rising to a cooler region, displacing the cold particles which are more dense and fall, these are then heated and the current continues.
- 8describe why condensation happens?when a gas cools, particles slow down and lose kinetic energy and the intermolecular forces between particles becomes stronger. When the particles become close enough, condensation takes place and a gas becomes a liquid.
- 9why do liquids evaporate in terms of particles?if particles have enough kinetic energy, are moving in the right direction, and are travelling fast enough to overcome forces then they can escape a liquid. When the particle leave, the temperature of the remaining particles cool because the particles which have left have took energy with them.
- 101)when will rate of evaporation be faster? 2)when will rate of condensation be faster?1)temperature is higher, density is lower, surface area is larger or airflow over liquid is greater.
2)temperature of gas is lower, temperature of the surface the gas touches is lower, density is higher, or airflow is less - 11how does a vacuum flask reduce any heat loss?a vacuum flask is a glass bottle with a vacuum In between double walls, the walls are silvered to keep heat loss via radiation to a minimum. the bottle is supported by insulating foam to minimise heat conduction as well as a cork or foam stopper.
- 121)what formula can you use to see if an appliance is cost effective? 2)what is a U-value?1)payback time=i̲n̲i̲t̲i̲a̲l̲ ̲c̲o̲s̲t̲
annual saving
2)U-values measure how effective a material is an insulator. The lower the U-value is, the better the material is as a heat insulator. - 13describe what these are and how they keep a house insulated? a)cavity wall insulation b)loft insulation c)draught-proofinga)foam in gap between bricks stops convection current and radiation across gap. air pockets in foam trap air reducing conduction.
b)layer of fibreglass wool across loft floor reduces conduction and radiation.
c)strips of foam/plastic around doors reduce heat loss by convection - 141) what is specific heat capacity? 2)what formula can we use to work out energy transfer that includes SHC?1)The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1°C.
2)
energy transferred(J)= mass(KG) x specific heat capacity(J/KG'C) x temperature change('C) - 151)name all 9 types of energy? 2)which 2 forms of energy are forms of stored energy?1)light, heat, kinetic, electrical, elastic potential, gravitational potential, sound, nuclear, chemical.
2)Gravitational potential, elastic potential and chemical. - 16REMEMBER- energy can never be destroyed. 1)Why is an appliance never 100% efficient? 2)give the 2 formulas we can use to calculate efficiency?1)energy is wasted through things such as heat an sound.
2)Efficiency=u̲s̲e̲f̲u̲l̲ ̲p̲o̲w̲e̲r̲ ̲o̲u̲t̲
total power in
efficiency=u̲s̲e̲f̲u̲l̲ ̲e̲n̲e̲r̲g̲y̲ ̲o̲u̲t̲
total energy in - 171)what is the formula to calculate energy used? 2)how can we calculate the cost of energy? 3)what should be considered when choosing appliances?1) Energy=Power x time
2)no. of units used(KwH)=power(kw) x
time(h)
cost= no, of units x price per unit
3) amount of energy, cost effectiveness, practical advantages and disadvantages. - 181)what is meant by non renewable? 2)give some examples of non renewable energy sources? 3)what is meant by renewable? 4)give some examples of renewable energy sources?1)a resource in which will run out
2)coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear
3)a resource which is infinite and will never run out
4)wind, waves, tidal, hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, food, biofuels - 19describe how a power station produces energy? 2)describe how nuclear reactors produce energy?1)fossil fuels are burned to convert chemical energy to heat energy, this heats water which produces steam. The steam turns a turbine, converting energy to kinetic, the turbines are connected to a generator which turns kinetic into electrical.
2)nuclear fission of plutonium or uranium produces heat to make steam to turn a turbine - 20with the following 5 flashcards, include a description of the process and how it makes electricity, energy transfers and pros and cons of each method. 1)wind turbines? 2)solar cells?1)The wind turns the blades(kinetic energy), turning on a generator, producing electricity(electrical energy)
pros: no pollution, low running costs
cons: unreliable, noisy, ruins view
2)sun hits solar cells (heat energy) causing an electrical current(electrical energy)
pros: no pollution, reliable
cons: high initial costs, small scale - 21hydroelectric power?1)Water stored in resoivour is let to flow down into a dam, in the tunnels are turbines which are moved by the flow of water (kinetic) this then powers a generator (electrical)
pros: reliable, immediate response
cons: rotting vegetation releases methane and CO2, destroys habitats. - 22wave power?turbines are placed around the coast, waves provide up and down motion turning the turbines (kinetic) and powering a generator (electrical)
pros: no pollution, low running costs
cons: spoils view, hazardous to boats - 23tidal barrages?1water moves in and out of rivers each day because tides. A tidal barrage is a barrier built over a river estuary that uses the kinetic energy from the tides. The barrage contains electricity generators, which are driven by the water rushing through tubes in the barrage.
pros: no pollution, reliable,
cons: prevents boats, alters habitats - 24geothermal energy?in volcanic areas, hot rocks lie near the surface, the source of the heat is slow decay of radioactive elements,(heat) steam rises (kinetic) to the surface to drive a generator(electrical),
pros: no environmental impact
cons not cot effective, little suitable locations. - 251)describe the disadvantages of biofuels? 2)what is carbon capture?1)deforestation decay and burning of vegetation releases CO2 and methane, food prices increase as more land is being used for fuel crops.
2)CO2 is collected from power stations before it is released and pumped into empty gas and coal fields underground. - 261)what factors should you consider when setting up a power station? (renewable and non renewable) 1)what is a disadvantage of having a high current in overhead power cables? 3)what is the best combination of power for supplying huge amounts of power with the national grid?1)set up costs, reliability, environmental impacts, set up time, running costs, location.
2) a high loss of energy through heat in cables
3high voltage and very low current. - 271)what do step-up and step-down transformers do at each end? 2)pros and cons of over head cables? 3)pros and cons of underground cables?1)step up=efficient transmission and increase voltage
step down= decrease voltage so levels are safe and unusable
2)pros: lower set up costs, easy access, minimal disturbance to land
cons: lots of maintenance, affected by weather, less reliable
3)pros: minimal maintenance, hidden, not affected by weather
cons: high costs, hard to access, disturbs land. - 281)what is the frequency of a wave? 2)name 1, 2, 3 and 4..1)number of waves passing a point per second OR number of waves produced each second
2) 1=wavelength
2=amplitude
3=crest
4=trough
- 291)describe a transverse wave? 2)describe a longitudinal wave? 3)how can we calculate wave speed?1)the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer of the wave.
2)the vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer of the wave
3) wave speed(m/s)=frequency(Hz) x wavelength(m) - 301)how and where is the image formed when waves are reflected in a plane mirror?1)same size as object, same distance from mirror, image is virtual and upright, left and right sides are swapped.
- 31diffraction... 1)if a gap is wider than the wavelength how much diffraction do we get? 2)if a gap is slightly wider than the wavelength how much diffraction do we get? 3)if a gap is the same size as the wavelength how much diffraction do we get?1)little diffraction
2)diffraction at edges
3)maximum diffraction - 321)when does refraction happen? 2)draw a diagram of a basic example of refraction...1)when a wave crosses a boundary between 2 substances, then it will change direction
<- 2)
- 331)what is the order of the Electro magnetic spectrum? 2)how does frequency affect wavelength?1)radio waves, microwaves, infra red, visible light, ultra violet, x-rays, gamma rays.
2)the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, - 341)what are the properties and uses of radio waves? 2)uses of microwaves? 3)how does satellite tv work in terms of microwaves?1)long wavelengths diffract, used in TV and radio
2)communication between satellites, in mobiles between phone and transmitter.
3)the signal from a transmitter is transmitted into space, its picked up by a satellite orbiting earth and the signal is transmitted back to earth - 351)uses of infra-red waves? 2)how do the different parts of a camera control visible light rays?1)wireless remote controls
2)the lens focuses visible light, onto a light sensitive film, the lens aperture controls how much light enters the camera, and the shutter speed determines how long the film is exposed to light. - 36sound waves... 1)longitudinal or transverse? 2)how are echoes caused? 3)how does frequency affect: a. pitch b. Wavelength 4)how does amplitude affect volume?1) longitudinal
2) waves are reflected on a flat surface, but surrounding objects absorb energy making the echo less obvious, it is delayed because the echo waves have to travel further.
3) a. higher frequency=higher pitch
b. higher frequency= shorter wavelength
4)the larger the amplitude, the louder the sound. - 371)what is the Doppler effect? 2)describe red shift?1)When a source moves towards an observer, the wavelength decreases and the frequency increases. when it moves away from an observer, the observed wavelength increases and the frequency decreases.
2) we have a spectrum of light, black lines are in the spectrum when helium has absorbed light. when we look at the spectrum of a star, the spectrum moves
towards the red end of the spectrum. This is because of the Doppler effect.
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- Karteikarten am AQA physics P1, erstellt von Maddie Radford am 10/05/2016.
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- Maddie Radford
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- Erstellt von Ein gelöschter Nutzer · 31 Mär 2016
- Kopiert von Maddie Radford · 10 Mai 2016
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